Abstract ：

Estrogens are contaminants in the Scheldt estuary due to a dense population and intense industrial and anthropogenic activities, but their levels and evolution in this estuary are not well studied. Here we investigated estrogenic activity (EA) in the dissolved, particulate and sediment compartments of the estuary using the Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Chemical Activated Luciferase Gene Expression (CALUX) bioassay, in recent and historical samples. EA ranges between 7–168, 2.16–22.5 and 1.8–38.2 pg E2-equivalents g−1 in the dissolved, particulate and sediment phases of the Scheldt, respectively. The partitioning coefficient (Kd) between the particulate and dissolved phases is about 2000 L kg−1. EA levels in the estuarine sediments decreased during the last 40 years, but the strongest decrease, from 112 to 28 pg E2-equivalents g−1, is observed in the upper estuary. The mass loadings of dissolved and particulate estrogens discharged into the North Sea amount to 7.5 and 1.6 μg s−1, respectively. Future monitoring of the estrogen levels in various compartments of the Scheldt is necessary considering its strong environmental impact on living organisms and human beings. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

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Abstract ：

The adulteration of animal-derived food is a widespread problem with meat adulteration emerging as a global concern. To address the need for on-site rapid detection and visual analysis, a portable multifunction biosensor (PMB) was developed. This device integrates Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA), CRISPR/Cas12a assay, and a custom-designed 3D-printed multifunction device, specifically for the visual and rapid detection of pork in food. Initially, a screening model was constructed using Perl bioinformatics based on chromosomal gene information, and the LOC110262058 gene was selected as a reliable endogenous reference gene for pigs. Subsequently, a one-tube RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a system was established to simplify the procedures, converting porkspecific signals into fluorescence while preventing cross-contamination. In addition, an independently designed 3D-printed multifunction device was developed to support the RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a system for one-tube detection, incorporating functions such as heating, centrifugation, and imaging. The reaction conditions of the PMB were optimized to reduce the reaction time to 20-30 min with a sensitivity of 0.01 g/100 g. The analysis of actual samples indicated that the PMB has high selectivity and practical effectiveness for pork detection. The proposed biosensor offers several detection advantages, including output, ease of use, stability, and independence from complex equipment, making it a powerful method for rapid pork detection in food.

Keyword ：

Endogenous reference gene One-tube detection RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a 3D-printed multifunction device Pork adulteration

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Abstract ：

Spintronic device is the fundamental platform for spin-related academic and practical studies. However, conventional techniques with energetic deposition or boorish transfer of ferromagnetic metal inevitably introduce uncontrollable damage and undesired contamination in various spin-transport-channel materials, leading to partially attenuated and widely distributed spintronic device performances. These issues will eventually confuse the conclusions of academic studies and limit the practical applications of spintronics. Here we propose a polymer-assistant strain-restricted transfer technique that allows perfectly transferring the pre-patterned ferromagnetic electrodes onto channel materials without any damage and change on the properties of magnetism, interface, and channel. This technique is found productive for pursuing superior-quality spintronic devices with high controllability and reproducibility. It can also apply to various-kind (organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic hybrid, or carbon-based) and diverse-morphology (smooth, rough, even discontinuous) channel materials. This technique can be very useful for reliable device construction and will facilitate the technological transition of spintronic study. To optimize the interfacial quality and electrode magnetism in spintronic devices, the authors develop an electrode transfer technique that can greatly improve device interfacial quality, performance and reproducibility, universal to various spacers.

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E-waste dismantling has induced the surrounding farmland subjected to combined contamination of heavy metals (HMs) and organic pollutants. At present, applicable regimes for safety production of the contaminated paddy soils and involving mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of three soil conditioners (lime, biochar, and fengshouyan) on paddy soil ecosystem. Results showed that lime amendments reduced the migration of Cd and As to rice grains. While biochar incorporation increased the concentration of Cd in the polished grains by 29.14 %. Statistical analyses indicated soil microbiome substantially contributed to the accumulation of Cd and As in the polished grains. Variables measured at the maturation and filling stage explained more changes of Cd and As in the maturation polished grains, respectively. Together, lime was the best soil conditioner. Future research might further increase food security by regulation on soil biotics at specific stage and eventually realize sustainable development of e -waste dismantling.

Keyword ：

Cadmium Combined pollution Arsenic Electronic waste dismantling Rice Soil conditioner

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Solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology (SDIE) was previously proposed to produce freshwater in seawater desalination. With the environmentally-friendly merit of solar energy, researchers tried to apply this technology in other water treatments. However, the components in different water matrices are complex, various contaminants accumulate on the interface reducing evaporation efficiency or evaporating with water vapor affecting the produced water quality. The photocatalysis has good performance on the removal of these pollutants in water. Since both processes require the participation of light, researchers have proposed coupling solardriven interfacial evaporation with photocatalysis to better solve the problem in water treatment. This review summarizes the application of the coupled processes in water treatment. Firstly, the mechanisms of interfacial photothermal conversion and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants are reviewed. Subsequently, the applications of the coupled processes in water production, contaminants removal, and disinfection for water treatment are summarized. The results show that the condensate collected through the coupled process meets drinking water quality standards. Additionally, the coupled process significantly degrades volatile organic compounds (VOCs), non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs), and disinfects bacteria, thereby preventing surface contamination at the photothermal interface. Furthermore, the application of the coupled processes for green fuel production from water treatment is also discussed. This production process is based on water-catalyzed hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives of the coupled processes are examined, aiming to provide theoretical foundations for future research in this field.

Keyword ：

Seawater desalination Solar-driven interfacial evaporation Wastewater treatment Interfacial photocatalysis Fuels production

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This research investigated the application of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA), municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWIBA), and construction waste residue (CWR) as raw materials for the comprehensive conversion into municipal solid waste ceramics employing the SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO (8 wt%) phase diagram. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the addition of MSWIFA and sintering temperature on important ceramics properties, including linear shrinkage, water absorption, sintering range, and flexural strength. Additionally, relationships were established among these physical parameters using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The thermal behavior of the mixture was analyzed through automatic slag melting point tester and TG-DSC techniques. Furthermore, characterization of the crystalline phase transition and microstructure of sintered samples was performed by XRD, Factsage, and SEM. The results showed that both the addition of MSWIFA and the sintering temperature significantly influenced the crystal phase composition of the sintered ceramics. Moreover, the addition of MSWIFA and the sintering temperature had a significant influence on the pore structure of the ceramics. These ceramics exhibited exceptional properties, such as the extremely low water absorption rate of 0.08 % and the remarkable flexural strength of 124.78 MPa. Ceramics performance indicators were far higher than the requirements of China's national standard GB/T4100-2015. The sintering range had the capability to attain 30 degrees C, guaranteeing the feasibility of practical manufacturing processes. Furthermore, leaching concentration tests conducted on additive-free ceramic samples reveal a low risk of heavy metal contamination, as the heavy metals were effectively solidified within the crystalline and amorphous phases of the ceramics. The comprehensive utilization of MSWIFA, MSWIBA, and CWR for the production of fully solid waste ceramics not only yields cost reduction benefits but also promotes efficient utilization, presenting a feasible and highly promising approach to sustainable waste management.

Keyword ：

Municipal waste incineration bottom ash Municipal waste incineration fly ash Ceramic Factsage Construction waste residue

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Waste cooking oil has surfaced as a hazardous waste that induces severe environmental contamination. Encapsulation technology presents a viable solution to regenerate the waste oil and augment the self-healing ability of asphalt materials. This study characterized capsules synthesized with selected waste oil for selfhealing asphalt mixture, and evaluated the self-healing and environmental impact. The wetting ability, capillary, anti-aging, and self-healing performance of three potential healing agents were analyzed, and the optimal healing agent was obtained by evaluating the comprehensive behavior with the radar chart method. Capsules were synthesized using the ionic gelation method, and their thermal stability, chemical structure, mechanical performance, and morphology were characterized. Fatigue-healing performance asphalt mixture with capsules were investigated by indirect tensile fatigue test with intermittent time. Leakage of waste oil core were measure to verify it environmental impact to surroundings. Results showed that all healing agents could restore the aged asphalt, and waste rapeseed oil had superior overall performance with comprehensive f i value of 0.993 in radar chart evaluation. The compression characteristic of the capsules could transform from brittleness to plasticity as the water-to-oil(WO) ratio decreases from 15 to 5. SEM observation implied when the WO ratio varied from 10 to 15, the multi-pore structure of capsules could be appropriately filled. The addition of capsules in the mixture increased the fatigue life extension rate (HD f ) of aged mixtures (with intermittent time 0.1 s-0.8 s) by 10-30%. Leakage of waste oil from the mixture was inhibited, substantially reducing 38% release of waste oil. This can serve as a means for the sustainable utilization of waste oil, thereby mitigating environmental pollution and negative effects caused by waste oil.

Keyword ：

Waste cooking oil Radar chart method Environmental impact Asphalt pavement Capsules for self-healing

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Particle composition and risk assessment of their exposure in a subway station are very important for a station's environment and the health of people. However, only a handful of papers have compared and analyzed the composition of particulate matter and the risk of their exposure to people. To address these issues, environmental parameters and particulate matter were measured for one month at six different locations in twelve subway stations in a capital city located on the central coast of China. The particulate matter (PM), its composition and characteristics were analyzed and compared. The daily average exposure risk assessment model for the studied city was proposed to analyze the exposure risks associated with various particulate matters and metals for both commuters and workers. The results showed that, in all public areas (station hall, platform and carriage), the concentrations of PM were higher than those outside the subway station. The highest values of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP (total suspended particulates) were determined to be 158.3 mu g/m3, 168.0 mu g/m3, and 170.7 mu g/m3, respectively. The physical characteristics showed that the surface of particles inside the station was rougher, larger and darker in color. Compared to outdoors, the particles within the subway stations contained much more metals, particularly Fe that had the mass fraction of 9.59 %. On the other hand, the outdoor environment did not contain any Fe. These findings indicated that there were original sources of contamination at subway stations, and the hazardous nature of the particles was particularly pronounced within subway stations. The exposure risk of TSP and metals for workers was nearly twice that of passengers. This study aims to provide data that could help in controlling the environment at subway stations.

Keyword ：

Exposure risk Composition Subway stations Particulate matter

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Abstract ：

Devising exceptional S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts utilized in annihilating pharmaceuticals and chromium contamination is significant for addressing the problem of global water pollution. In this work, a chemically bonded Mn0.5Cd0.5S/BiOBr S-scheme heterostructure with oxygen vacancies is ingeniously developed through a facile in-situ solvothermal synthesis. The designed Mn0.5Cd0.5S/BiOBr heterojunction exhibits eminently reinforced photo-activity for destruction of tetracycline hydrochloride and Cr(VI) as compared with its individual components. This substantial photo-redox performance amelioration is benefitted from the creation of an intense internal electric field (IEF) via supplying powerful driving force and migration highway by interfacial chemical bond to foster the S-scheme electron/hole disintegration. More intriguingly, the IEF at the hetero-interface drives the fast consumption of the photo-induced holes in Mn0.5Cd0.5S by the photoelectrons from BiOBr, profoundly boosting the enrichment of active photo-carriers and sparing the photo-corrosion of Mn0.5Cd0.5S. Furthermore, Mn0.5Cd0.5S/BiOBr with exceptional anti-interference property can work efficiently in real water matrices. Multiple uses of the recycled Mn0·5Cd0·5S/BiOBr evidence its prominent robustness and stability. This achievement indicates the vast potential of chemically bonded S-scheme photosystems with structural defects in the design of photo-responsive materials for effective wastewater treatment. © 2024 Central South University.

Keyword ：

Wastewater treatment Water pollution Chromium compounds Electric fields Bismuth compounds Heterojunctions Oxygen vacancies Manganese compounds Disintegration Corrosion

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China's staple crops face heavy metal (HMs) contamination, a widespread issue lacking a national assessment. We used machine learning (ML) to assess risks of 8 HMs in rice, wheat, and maize, and estimated a financing strategy for soil remediation via linear optimization and computable general equilibrium (CGE). The accumulation of HMs in crops depends on Soil-HMs, climate, soil properties, and crop types. Cd and Hg pose major soil pollution risks, while Cr, Pb, and Cd are the most threatening in crops. High-risk zones are located at the warm temperature and subtropical zones, with wheat most vulnerable. Over a quarter (26.77 %) of the nation's croplands are classified as high-risk, with a significant 60.89 % falling into the medium-risk category, leaving merely 12.34 % of the agricultural land in a safe condition. The estimated remediation cost is 58596.73 billion

Keyword ：

Machine learning K -nearest neighbor Computable general equilibrium Financing strategy for remediation expenditure Effect of soil remediation project on economic development

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