Abstract ：

Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are emerging pollutants that can adsorb pollutants in the environment and biological molecules and ultimately affect human health. However, the aspects of adsorption of intracellular proteins onto MNPs and its biological effects in cells have not been investigated to date. The present study revealed that 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) could be internalized by THP-1 cells and specifically adsorbed intracellular proteins. In total, 773 proteins adsorbed onto NPs with high reliability were identified using the proteomics approach and analyzed via bioinformatics to predict the route and distribution of NPs following cellular internalization. The representative proteins identified via the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were further investigated to characterize protein adsorption onto NPs and its biological effects. The analysis revealed that NPs affect glycolysis through pyruvate kinase M (PKM) adsorption, trigger the unfolded protein response through the adsorption of ribophorin 1 (RPN1) and heat shock 70 protein 8 (HSPA8), and are chiefly internalized into cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis with concomitant clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) adsorption. Therefore, this work provides new insights and research strategies for the study of the biological effects caused by NPs.

Keyword ：

proteomics nanoplastics emerging pollutants protein adsorption bioinformatics analysis

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

The gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems offer a promising solution for decentralized drinking water supply due to its low maintenance and energy consumption. However, research on the practical application of GDM under variable hydrostatic pressure (variable load) and intermittent operation conditions, particularly in response to high-turbidity water, remains limited. This study investigates the long-term performance and characteristics of the biofouling layer of GDM under ultra-low variable hydrostatic pressure (20-60 mbar) and intermittent operation (8-12 h) conditions in practical decentralized water supply. The results indicate that the membrane flux (1.9-6.0 L center dot m(-2)center dot h(-1), LMH) remained relatively stable despite variations in gravity-driven pressure (Delta P). Long-term operation of GDM can stably remove turbidity and potential pathogens from raw water. The total protein/polysaccharide ratios of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofouling layer were below 0.50, reducing contaminant adhesion on the membrane surface. The 0.2-0.4 mu m transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) fraction might be crucial for biofouling layer formation. The key species, belong to Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria, significantly alleviated membrane fouling by degrading polysaccharide and proteins in biofouling layer. Comammox Nitrospira were significantly enriched, contributing to efficient nitrification. GDM with variable load maintained a stable flux of 2.2-5.2 LMH under high-turbidity water conditions (300-1200 NTU), and simple forward flushing combined with sludge discharge can quickly restore Delta P. Overall, the variable load GDM system effectively manages membrane fouling and maintains stable filtration performance through the combined effects of variable load and intermittent operation, ensuring long-term and low-maintenance operation for decentralized water supply.

Keyword ：

Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) Variable load operation Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) High turbidity impact Biofouling layer Bacterial community

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

Low temperatures limit the denitrification wastewater in activated sludge systems, but this can be mitigated by addition of redox mediators (RMs). Here, the effects of chlorophyll (Chl), 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid (NQS), humic acid (HA), and riboflavin (RF), each tested at three concentrations, were compared for denitrification performance at low temperature, by monitoring the produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and characterizing microbial communities and their metabolic potential. Chl increased the denitrification rate most, namely 4.12 -fold compared to the control, followed by NQS (2.62 -fold increase) and HA (1.35 -fold increase), but RF had an inhibitory effect. Chl promoted the secretion of tryptophan-like and tyrosine -like proteins in the EPS and aided the conversion of protein from tightly bound EPS into loosely bound EPS, which improved the material transfer efficiency. NQS, HA, and RF also altered the EPS components. The four RMs affected the microbial community structure, whereby both conditionally abundant taxa (CAT) and conditionally rare or abundant taxa (CRAT) were key taxa. Among them, CRAT members interacted most with the other taxa. Chl promoted Flavobacterium enrichment in low -temperature activated sludge systems . In addition, Chl promoted the abundance of nitrate reduction genes narGHI and napAB and of nitrite reduction genes nirKS , norBC , and nosZ . Moreover, Chl increased abundance of genes involved in acetate metabolism and in the TCA cycle, thereby improving carbon source utilization. This study increases our understanding of the enhancement of lowtemperature activated sludge by RMs, and demonstrates positive effects, in particular by Chl.

Keyword ：

Redox mediators Low temperature Extracellular polymers Microbial community composition Denitrification

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

Developing new drugs is too expensive and time -consuming. Accurately predicting the interaction between drugs and targets will likely change how the drug is discovered. Machine learning-based protein-ligand interaction prediction has demonstrated significant potential. In this paper, computational methods, focusing on sequence and structure to study protein-ligand interactions, are examined. Therefore, this paper starts by presenting an overview of the data sets applied in this area, as well as the various approaches applied for representing proteins and ligands. Then, sequence-based and structure-based classification criteria are subsequently utilized to categorize and summarize both the classical machine learning models and deep learning models employed in protein-ligand interaction studies. Moreover, the evaluation methods and interpretability of these models are proposed. Furthermore, delving into the diverse applications of protein-ligand interaction models in drug research is presented. Lastly, the current challenges and future directions in this field are addressed.

Keyword ：

Sequence andstructure Drug discovery Feature engineering Artificialintelligence Deep learning Protein-ligand binding affinity Machine learning Protein-ligand interaction

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

The partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) process is receiving increasing attention due to its cost-effectiveness advantages. However, effective strategies to alleviate organic matter inhibition and promote anammox activity have been proven to be a big challenge. This study investigated the effects of three types of iron (nano zero-valent iron (nZVI), Fe(II), and Fe(III)) on the PD/A process. It is worth noting that nZVI of 5–50 mg/L and Fe(III) of 5–120 mg/L promoted both PD and anammox activity. Long-term intermittent addition of nZVI (50 mg/L) resulted in a nitrogen removal efficiency of 98.2% in the mixotrophic PD/A system driven by iron and organic matter. The contribution of anammox for nitrogen removal reached as high as 93.8%. The organic carbon demand decreased due to the external electron donor provided by nZVI for PD. Multiple Fe–N metabolic pathways, primarily involving ammonia oxidation by Fe(III) and nitrate reduction by nZVI, play a crucial role in facilitating nitrogen transformation. Conversely, the direct addition of 30–120 mg/L Fe (II) resulted in a significant decrease in pH to below 5.0 and severe inhibition of PD and anammox activity. Following prolonged operation in the presence of nZVI, it was demonstrated that there is an enhancing effect on robust nitrite production for anammox. This was accompanied by a remarkable up-regulation of genes encoding nitrate reductase and iron-transporting proteins dominated by Thauera. Overall, this study has provided an efficient approach for advanced nitrogen removal through organic- and iron-driven anammox processes. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

Keyword ：

Nitration Nitrogen removal Denitrification Ammonia

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

Plastic products offer remarkable convenience for modern life. However, growing concerns are emerging regarding the potential health hazards posed by nanoplastics, which formed as plastics break down. Currently, the biological effects and mechanisms induced by nanoplastics are largely underexplored. In this study, we report that polystyrene nanoplastics can enter the bloodstream and enhance thrombus formation. Our findings show that polystyrene nanoplastics adsorb plasma proteins, particularly coagulation factor XII and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, play a key role in this process, as demonstrated by proteomics, bioinformatic analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations. The adsorption of these proteins by nanoplastics is an essential factor in thrombosis enhancement. This newly uncovered pathway of protein adsorption leading to enhanced thrombosis provides new insights into the biological effects of nanoplastics, which may inform future safety and environmental risk assessment of plastics. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

Keyword ：

Nanoclay

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

Achieving partial denitrification (PD) by using fermentation products extracted from waste activated sludge (WAS) rather than commercial organic matters is a promising approach for providing nitrite for anammox, while sludge reduction could also be realized by WAS reutilization. This study proposed an In-situ Sludge Fermentation coupled with Partial Denitrification (ISFPD) system and explored its performance under different conditions, including initial pH, nitrate concentrations, and organic matters. Results showed that nitrite production increased with the elevation of initial pH (from 6 to 9), and the highest nitrate-to-nitrite transformation ratio (NTR) reached 77% at initial pH 9. The PD rates and NTR were observed to be minimally influenced by initial nitrate concentrations. Acetate was preferred by denitrifying bacteria, while macromolecules such as proteins necessitated be hydrolyzed to be suitable for further utilization. The insights gained through this study paved the way for efficient nitrite production and sustainable WAS reutilization in harmony.

Keyword ：

Nitrite production Nitrate reduction Alkaline pretreatment Anaerobic sludge fermentation

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

Quorum sensing (QS) plays a pivotal role in bacterial interactions and is crucial for enhancing the efficiency and stability of biological wastewater treatment (BWT) systems. However, the diversity of BWT processes and the complexity of QS pose challenges to understanding their functionality. This review uses bibliometric tools to synthesize research from the past two decades, capturing the significant growth in research in this field driven by China, Korean, and U.S. researchers. The research hotspot has shifted from initial basic research on 'gene expression' and 'biofilm formation' to applied studies on 'start-up', 'denitrification', 'nitrification', and 'temperature', along with interdisciplinary explorations. Keyword cluster analyses reveal key themes, including quorum quenching, biofilm formation, membrane fouling, and antibiotic resistance genes. Subsequently, this review explores current applications and mechanisms. Enhanced QS promotes pollutant removal through modulation of microbial metabolism and energy; enhances microbial robustness through modulation of extra- cellular polymeric substances (EPS), resistance to oxidative stress, and activation of specific genes and transporter proteins; and facilitates biofilm and granular sludge formation through modulation of adhesion and EPS. Additionally, weakening of QS mechanisms reduces membrane fouling and mitigates sludge bulking by inhibiting community behavior and modulating EPS. It also summarizes reported QS regulatory strategies, including chemical activators/inhibitors, sustainable bioregulation using specific microbes, and engineering approaches for optimizing environmental conditions and design parameters. Future research should focus on deepening understanding, exploring optimization potential, and investigating sustainability and ecological safety to maximize the potential of QS in BWT systems and gain key insights into the application of QS technologies.

Keyword ：

Sludge bulking Stress protection Quorum quenching Biofilm Membrane bioreactor

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

Zika Virus (ZIKV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that can lead to Guillain-Barr & eacute; syndrome or encephalitis in some individuals and hence presents a serious public health risk. Since the first outbreak of ZIKV in Brazil in 2015, no effective clinical inhibitors have been developed, making the development of effective ZIKV drugs an urgent issue that needs to be addressed. ZIKV belongs to the Flaviviridae family, and its structure includes three structural proteins, namely, capsular (C), premembrane (prM), and envelope (E) proteins, as well as seven nonstructural proteins, namely, NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5. To provide a reference for the development of future ZIKV drugs, this paper reviews the structure of the ZIKV based on recent literature reports, analyzes the potential therapeutic targets of various proteins, and proposes feasible drug design strategies. Additionally, this paper reviews and classifies the latest research progress on several protease inhibitors, such as E protein inhibitors, NS2B-NS3 inhibitors, and NS5 inhibitors, so that researchers can quickly understand the current status of development and the interconnections among these inhibitors.

Keyword ：

ZIKV RdRp inhibitor MTase drug target

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。

Abstract ：

The stringent effluent quality standards in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) can effectively mitigate environmental issues such as eutrophication by reducing the discharge of nutrients into water environments. However, the current wastewater treatment process often struggles to achieve advanced nutrient removal while also saving energy and reducing carbon consumption. The first full-scale anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic (AOA) system was established with a wastewater treatment scale of 40,000 m3/d. Over one year of operation, the average TN and TP concentration in the effluent of 7.53 +/- 0.81 and 0.37 +/- 0.05 mg/L was achieved in low TN/COD (C/ N) ratio (average 5) wastewater treatment. The post-anoxic zones fully utilized the internal carbon source stored in pre-anaerobic zones, removing 41.29 % of TN and 36.25 % of TP. Intracellular glycogen (Gly) and proteins in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) served as potential drivers for post-anoxic denitrification and phosphorus uptake. The sludge fermentation process was enhanced by the long anoxic hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the AOA system. The relative abundance of fermentative bacteria was 31.66 - 55.83 %, and their fermentation metabolites can provide additional substrates and energy for nutrient removal. The development and utilization of internal carbon sources in the AOA system benefited from reducing excess sludge production, energy conservation, and advanced nutrient removal under carbon-limited. The successful full-scale validation of the AOA process provided a potentially transformative technology with wide applicability to WWTPs.

Keyword ：

Advanced nitrogen removal Anaerobic/aerobic/anoxic Internal carbon sources Wastewater treatment Energy saving Full-scale

Cite：

Copy from the list or Export to your reference management。