Purpose:　The　aim　of　this　study　is　to　investigate　the　thermal　field　distribution　of　phantom　and　ex　vivo　liver　tissue　in　microwave　ablation.　We　intent　to　verify　if　the　phantom　can　be　used　in　future　studies　in　lieu　of　actual　tissue.　Methods:　This　experiment　was　divided　into　two　groups　of　phantom　and　ex　vivo　porcine　liver　tissue.　2450　MHz　is　set.　The　tests　last　up　to　240　s　in　60W.　The　velocity　of　the　circulating　water　pumps　were　adjusted　to　40　rounds/min.　Twenty-five　copper-constantan　thermocouples　(TCs)　were　inserted　at　the　specified　position　to　record　temperature　data.　Result:　For　the　cooling　water,　the　temperature　field　was　non-symmetric　distribution　at　the　gap　before　(z＞z＜0　mm)　of　two　groups　of　experiments.　At　the　part　without　cooling　water　(z＞0　mm),　effective　ablation　areas　were　larger;　near　the　microwave　antenna,　the　temperature　curves　showed　good　consistency　for　both　materials.　Far　away　from　the　microwave　antenna,　the　value　difference　increased　between　phantom　and　liver　tissue.　Moreover,　the　effect　of　cooling　water　in　phantom　is　more　obvious　than　it　in　liver　tissue.　The　shapes　of　ablation　areas　from　two　groups　are　not　same.　Conclusion:　The　result　of　the　present　work　implied　that　heating　patterns　of　liver　tissue　and　phantom　are　comparable.　But　the　difference　of　temperature　field　between　two　kinds　of　materials　cannot　be　ignored.　In　cases　of　using　phantom　to　verify　temperature　field　in　lieu　of　actual　tissue,　the　researchers　should　pay　full　attention　to　these　difference　points.