Against　the　background　of　the　ecological　civilization　system　reform　in　the　new　era,　the　appropriate　allocation　of　water　pollutant　discharge　permits　is　an　important　policy　for　controlling　the　amount　of　wastewater　discharge.　Traditional　allocation　methods　have　disadvantages,　such　as　high　additional　costs,　an　unfair　allocation　scheme,　and　market　distortion.　In　the　present　study,　a　fixed-cost　allocation　model　based　on　data　envelopment　analysis　(DEA)　and　the　Nash　non-cooperative　game　theory　is　employed　to　allocate　water　pollutant　discharge　permits　of　totally　31　provinces　in　China　from　2008　to　2017.　The　allocation　scheme　considers　environmental　efficiency.　The　results　demonstrate　regional　differences　in　the　allocation　of　water　pollutant　discharge　permits.　The　eastern　region　has　abundant　allocations.　The　northeastern　and　central　regions　have　insufficient　allocations.　Besides,　the　western　region　has　a　significant　shortage　of　allocations.　It　indicates　the　higher　the　utilization　efficiency　of　the　water　pollutant　discharge　permits,　the　higher　the　region＇s　sustainable　development　is.　Based　on　the　analysis,　we　propose　guidelines　for　industrial　wastewater　discharge　reduction.