The　cryptomelane-type　manganese　oxide　(OMS-2)-supported　Co　(xCo/OMS-2;　x　=　5,　10,　and　15　wt.%)　catalysts　were　prepared　via　a　pre-incorporation　route.　The　as-prepared　materials　were　used　as　catalysts　for　catalytic　oxidation　of　toluene　(2000　ppmV).　Physical　and　chemical　properties　of　the　catalysts　were　measured　using　the　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD),　Fourier　transform　infrared　spectroscopic　(FT-IR),　scanning　electron　microscopic　(SEM),　X-ray　photoelectron　spectroscopy　(XPS),　and　hydrogen　temperature-programmed　reduction　(H-2-TPR)　techniques.　Among　all　of　the　catalysts,　10Co/OMS-2　performed　the　best,　with　the　T90%,　specific　reaction　rate　at　245　degrees　C,　and　turnover　frequency　at　245　degrees　C　(TOFCo)　being　245　degrees　C,　1.23　x　10(-3)　mol(toluene)/(g(cat).sec),　and　11.58　x　10(-3)　sec(-1)　for　toluene　oxidation　at　a　space　velocity　of　60,000　mL/(g.hr),　respectively.　The　excellent　catalytic　performance　of　10Co/OMS-2　were　due　to　more　oxygen　vacancies,　enhanced　redox　ability　and　oxygen　mobility,　and　strong　synergistic　effect　between　Co　species　and　OMS-2　support.　Moreover,　in　the　presence　of　poisoning　gases　CO2,　SO2　or　NH3,　the　activity　of　10Co/OMS-2　decreased　for　the　carbonate,　sulfate　and　ammonia　species　covered　the　active　sites　and　oxygen　vacancies,　respectively.　After　the　activation　treatment,　the　catalytic　activity　was　partly　recovered.　The　good　low-temperature　reducibility　of　10Co/OMS-2　could　also　facilitate　the　redox　process　accompanied　by　the　consecutive　electron　transfer　between　the　adsorbed　O-2　and　the　cobalt　or　manganese　ions.　In　the　oxidation　process　of　toluene,　the　benzoic　and　aldehydic　intermediates　were　first　generated,　which　were　further　oxidized　to　the　benzoate　intermediate　that　were　eventually　converted　into　H2O　and　CO2.　(C)　2022　The　Research　Center　for　Eco-Environmental　Sciences,　Chinese　Academy　of　Sciences.　Published　by　Elsevier　B.V.