摘要 ：

In this work, a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system was fabricated by the introduction of chitin as a green charring agent, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as the acid source, and melamine (MEL) as the gas source. The obtained chitin-based IFR was then incorporated into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix using melt compounding. The fire resistance of PLA/chitin composites was investigated via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter (CONE) tests. The results demonstrated that the combination of 10%APP, 5%chitin and 5%MEL could result in a 26.0% LOI, a V-0 rating after UL and a 51.2% reduction in the peak heat release rate during the CONE test. Based on the mechanism analysis from both the morphology and the chemical structure of the char, it was suggested that chitin was a promising candidate as a charring agent for chitin reacted with APP and MEL with the formation of an intumescent layer on the surface.

关键词 ：

flame retardant polylactic acid chitin mechanism

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

Development of low-cost equipment that can store clean energy, such as solar energy, is effective for alleviating environmental pollution. In this study, the shape-stabilized composite phase change materials (PCMs) based on paraffin wax and carbon foam were prepared. The carbon foam prepared from melamine foam had a good pore structure and was used to encapsulate paraffin wax. The latent heat of melting and cooling of composite PCMs were 221.1 J/g and 213.7 J/g, respectively. Even after 100 cycles, it still showed good thermal performance. Meanwhile, the composite PCMs exhibited good light-to-heat conversion efficiencies of 53.94% and 67.43% at light intensities of 200 mW cm(-2) and 300 mW cm(-2), respectively. Overall, composite PCMs with excellent thermal performance and cycle stability have application prospects in industries such as construction, solar energy, and battery temperature-control systems.

关键词 ：

Paraffin wax Phase change materials Carbon foam

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

The silicone rubber composites with antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and melamine cyanurate (MCA) additive were fabricated. The results of scanning electron microscope are shown that the Sb(2)O(3)and MCA are uniformly dispersed into the silicone rubber (SR). It was found that tensile strength and elongation at break were down to 300% and 5.3 MPa with the increase in MCA content. The flammability of the composite was also studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry test. The results indicated that a 31.5% LOI of the composite was achieved, and the heat release rate and total heat release values of the composite with MCA were apparently reduced compared to that without MCA. Meantime, the retention of elongation and tensile strength keeps good behavior. The time to ignition of the composite with MCA is belonged. The results show that the microstructure of combustion residue of MCA additive is continuous and smooth, and it is a good barrier to isolate combustible gas and oxygen. All these test results demonstrated that the synergistic effect of Sb(2)O(3)and MCA successfully enhanced the flame-retardant properties of the SR composite.

关键词 ：

Synergistic effect Flammability Silicone rubber MCA additive Sb2O3

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

Corrosion and biofouling are two common unsolved problems in the marine industry, urging the need of innovative solutions to tackle both problems simultaneously. Herein, the fabrication of multifunctional microcapsules containing 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as the corrosion inhibitors and clove oil as the natural antimicrobial compound is described to resolve both corrosion and biofouling problems simultaneously. Microcapsules containing 8-HQ and clove oil, featuring good mechanical properties, anticorrosion, and antibacterial properties, were successfully synthesized through in-situ polymerization of melamine-formaldehyde polymer. The fabricated microcapsules show antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Vibrio coralliilyticus and E. aestuarii, as revealed from the standard ASTM E2315 time-kill test. Multifunctional coatings with both antibacterial and anticorrosion features were fabricated by incorporating the fabricated microcapsules both onto and into the epoxy coatings. According to the zone inhibition test, the microcapsules-based multifunctional coating possesses antibacterial properties against the seawater bacteria. Manually scratched microcapsules-based multifunctional coatings possess anticorrosion properties, due to the formation of corrosion inhibition layer resulted from the reaction between the released 8-HQ compound and the mild steel substrate. Additionally, after 30 days of immersion in the salt water, the microcapsules-based coatings still possess anticorrosion properties by forming corrosion inhibition layer at the scratched region.

关键词 ：

Microcapsules Anticorrosion Antibacterial 8-HQ Multifunctional Clove oil

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

In this work, a novel sulfur-based flame retardant (SA-M) was synthesized by the self-assembly of melamine and sulfamic acid. The chemical structure of SA-M was fully characterized. SA-M, in company with Al2O3, was then introduced into polyamide 11 (PA 11) by melt compounding in order to improve the fire resistance of the polymer substrate. The observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) indicated the well dispersion of SA-M in PA 11 matrix. The fire performance of PA 11 composites was evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), and cone calorimeter tests, respectively. The results showed that the presence of 17.5% SA-M and 2.5% Al2O3 increased the LOI value from 22.4% to 30.9%, upgraded the UL-94 rating from no rating to V-0, significantly eliminated the melt dripping, and decreased the peak heat release rate from 1024 to 603 kW/m(2). The thermal behaviors were investigated by thermogravimeric analysis (TGA) and TGA-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). It was suggested that SA-M took effects mainly in gas phase by diluting the combustible fuel, leading to the improvement of the fire resistance of PA 11.

关键词 ：

self-assembly flame retardant polyamide 11 melamine

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

A sequential cation-exchanging method is developed at the first time to synthesize cation doped g-C 3 N 4 .The eutectic molten salt (LiCl:KCl:NaCl=1:1:1 in weight) and melamine are firstly mixed in the ratio of 10:1 and then dissolved in the distilled water.Then different amounts of MnCl 2 solution is added as a doping precursor,with concentration of manganese being 0%,0.3%,0.5% and 0.7%,respectively.After water in the solution is entirely evaporated out by a rotary evaporator,the remaining powder is put into an alumina crucible with a cover,and then heated at 520℃ for 4 h to get multi-elements doped nanotubes.The obtained nanotubes are treated with 1 M HCl solution for 3 h,which removing Na + ,K + and Li + .The powder sample is finally calcined at 400℃ for 2 h again,removing Cl + and H + and finally get a Mn doped g-C 3 N 4 sample.This preparation method solves the problem that the conventional ion doped carbon nitride material has a small specific surface area and uncontrollable morphology.The morphology,phase structure,pore structure,light absorption and carrier separation efficiency of the obtained samples are detected by SEM,XRD,BET,UV-Vis,FT-IR and PL.The photocatalytic hydrogen production performances of samples are evaluated under visible light. © 2018, China National Chemical Information Center. All right reserved.

关键词 ：

Eutectic molten salt; G-C 3 N 4; Photocatalytic hydrogen production; Protonation

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

Tree-type multiple-head surfactant, bis (amidoethyl-carbamoylethyl) octadecylamine (C18N3), which functions as both reducing and capping agent in the reaction system, has been used to fabricate Ag nanocubes with size over hundreds nanometer. These as-prepared Ag nanocubes could be used as template to fabricate Ag-Au nanoboxes through galvanic replacement reaction by adding HAuCl4 aqueous solution. And the inner diameter of the Ag-Au nanoboxes could be adjusted by changing the concentration of HAuCl4 in the reacted solution. Other influences on the structure of the products of galvanic replacement reaction, such as temperature, were also studied. We find that the structure of the final products are totally different when adding ammonia into the reacted solution of galvanic replacement reaction, they became hexapod and spherical Ag-Au alloy nanostructures. It was suggested that the additive of ammonia water alter the mechanism of the Ag/Au galvanic replacement reaction, which is a new way to increase the types of prepared materials with various structures. We believe that our method opens a new way and will be useful for preparing other kinds of metallic nanostructures. And the SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) measurements proved that the prepared Ag-Au alloy nanoboxes possess excellent potential applications in the field of food safety. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词 ：

Synthesis Galvanic replacement reaction Ag nanocubes Ag Au nanoboxes

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

The gelation ability of melamine was evaluated under various acidic conditions, and the related gelator aggregates were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetric analysis, rheological experiments, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. It was found that melamine interacted strongly with a number of organic/inorganic acids in water, forming thermal-reversible supramolecular hydrogels with different critical gelator concentrations (CGCs). The CGCs of gelators successively made with salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid decreased because of the steric hindrance, whereas those related to oxalic acid dihydrate and orthoboric acid presented higher values due to the lack of a phenyl ring in the molecular structures. More interestingly, a unique onium salt, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazin-1-ium benzoate dihydrate (TTIBD), was formed via the Lewis acid-base reaction of benzoic acid and melamine. It crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c (Z = 8) with lattice parameters a = 21.477 (3) angstrom, b = 10.2253 (14) angstrom, c = 12.3312 (17) angstrom and beta = 98.717 (3)degrees. The formed hydrogel not only exhibited thermo-sensitive characteristics and solid-like behavior, but also showed a solution-gel crystal transition, being an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition. By increasing the concentration from 0.04 to 0.12 mol L-1, the gel-solution transition temperature increased from 23.0 to 49.5 degrees C, and the gel-crystal transition time decreased from 430 to 253 min, but both leveled off upon increasing the concentration. The TTIBD crystal along with the corresponding hydrogel was self-assembled via hydrogen bonds and pi-pi stacking interactions.

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

Analyte oriented selection of the preparation procedure is essential for improving the sensing performance. Herein, we report a one-step approach to synthesize highly fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles through a solvothermal method and their application for sensitive detection of TNT in soil samples by a fluorescence spectrometric method. The polymeric nanoparticles with bright cyan fluorescence were obtained through polycondensation between melamine and terephthalaldehyde at 180 degrees C for 3 h. The nanoparticles were fully characterized and the effect of synthesis methods was compared based on the fluorescence intensity and quantum yield (QY). The results indicated that trace amounts of TNT could effectively quench the fluorescence of the polymeric nanoparticles. The effect of the possible co-existing substances was systematically investigated and it was proved that nanoparticles could be used for selective and robust detection of TNT. A limit of detection of 1.8 nmol L-1 was achieved. The standard addition recoveries for different soil samples were in the range of 95.3% and 106.4% with relative standard deviations below 5.2%.

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。

摘要 ：

People have paid close attention to melamine by Sanlu Event. Melamine, a widely used as an organic chemical in industry, was added in milk to increase the protein content. Obviously, traditional kjeldahl hasn't suitable to detect real protein content. Focusing on the milk with melamine in market, a rapid and easy method is necessary to meet the needs to detect melamine from the milk. In this study, the analytical system was developed by surface enhanced Raman spectrum (SERS) and portable Raman spectrometer, which had fast detecting and alarming functions. Firstly, Qualitative analysis method for detecting melamine in milk was found. And the peak 709cm-1 was used as the essential peak for qualitative analysis method. On the basis of that, quantitative method was further defined. The concentration of melamine in milk vs Ratio of 709cm-1/1026cm-1 showed a good linear relationship when the standard concentration of melamine in milk within 3ppm to 10ppm. Detective limit of this method was 1ppm, and the quantization limit was 3ppm. Recovery was in 86% to 106% and satisfied the request of GB/T22388-2008 (80%-110%). Analytical system was established for determination melamine in milk. Multiple functions were contained in this system. Detecting and result were completed rapidly by used analytical system on condition that the concentration of melamine within 3ppm to 10ppm. The red signal was displaying at concentration above 3ppm, and the green signal was giving at concentration below 3ppm. In a word, the application of this analytical system has an important significance in false protein identification, milk safety control and people health protection. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词 ：

Melamine Organic chemicals Spectrometers Biomedical engineering Proteins Raman spectroscopy

引用：

复制并粘贴一种已设定好的引用格式，或利用其中一个链接导入到文献管理软件中。