Abstract ：

The cobalt-free Mn-based Li-rich layered oxide material has the advantages of low cost, high energy density, and good performance at low temperatures, and is the promising choice for energy storage batteries. However, the long-cycling stability of batteries needs to be improved. Herein, the Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials with small amounts of Li2MnO3 crystal domains and gradient doping of Al and Ti elements from the surface to the bulk have been developed to improve the structure and interface stability. Then the batteries with a high energy density of 600 Wh kg−1, excellent capacity retention of 99.7 % with low voltage decay of 0.03 mV cycle−1 after 800 cycles, and good rates performances can be achieved. Therefore, the structure and cycling stability of low voltage Mn-based Li-rich cathode materials can be significantly improved by the bulk structure design and interface regulation, and this work has paved the way for developing low-cost and high-energy Mn-based energy storage batteries with long lifetime. © 2024

Keyword ：

Crystal structure Lithium compounds Lithium-ion batteries Doping (additives) Costs Cathodes Storage (materials) Energy storage

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Abstract ：

A new type of collaborative extractants consisting of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-aminoprooyl-3-methylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, ([APMIM][Tf2N]) and Cyanex 923 (C923) is first applied for selective extraction of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The one-stage extraction efficiencies of Co2+, Ni2+ and Mn2+ are up to 99.87 %, 97.74 %, 99.98 %, respectively, at the optimal conditions, and the high-purity Li+ was enriched at the raffinate. It is found that the extraction process follows the so-called 'cation exchange mechanism', and the molecular-level mechanism is revealed via quantum chemical (QC) calculations. The findings show that C923 plays the role of coordinating with metal ions, the cation of IL exchanges metal ions from the aqueous to organic phases, and the anion [Tf2N]- of IL can stabilize the complex species of metal ion-[Tf2N]--C923 in organic phase. This work provides new insights for the design of novel IL-based extractants for the recycling of spent LIBs. © 2024

Keyword ：

Biogeochemistry Ion exchange Coordination reactions

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The demand for multinarrowband absorber has attracted increasing interest among researchers in recent years. However, integrating multifrequency absorption, tunability, and high optical transparency into an absorber remains a crucial challenge. In this study, a multiband, tunable, and transparent microwave meta-absorber is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. This meta-absorber is composed of resonant patterns made from graphene and indium tin oxide (ITO), placed on a substrate of lithium niobate (LN). By introducing P-type doping to reduce the resistance of monolayer graphene to around 300 Omega, the impedance matching of the absorber is promoted, consequently manifesting ten absorption points within 40 GHz. The electric field distribution analysis and an equivalent circuit model are employed to elucidate the physical mechanisms of the multiband absorber. Additionally, the lithium niobate dielectric layer possesses a substantial dielectric constant and exhibits phase transition characteristics with temperature changes. When the temperature increases to 250 degrees C, a comprehensive tuning range of more than 5.49 GHz within 40 GHz range is realized. The maximum tuning range for a single frequency point is 1.33 GHz. With the broadening of the band, the meta-absorber can provide multiple tunable ranges, making it more favorable for practical applications in optical modulator and sensor. The microwave meta-absorber is designed and fabricated, consisting of resonant patterns made from strategically placed graphene and indium tin oxide on a lithium niobate substrate. P-type doping is introduced to achieve impedance matching for the single-layer graphene within the absorber. This design allows it to exhibit transparency and adjustable multifrequency capabilities in response to temperature variations. image

Keyword ：

transparent graphene multifrequency absorber tunability

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Abstract ：

Clean and efficient recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent need to promote sustainable and rapid development of human society. Therefore, we provide a critical and comprehensive overview of the various technologies for recycling spent LIBs, starting with lithium-ion power batteries. Recent research on raw material collection, metallurgical recovery, separation and purification is highlighted, particularly in terms of all aspects of economic efficiency, energy consumption, technology transformation and policy management. Mechanisms and pathways for transformative full-component recovery of spent LIBs are explored, revealing a clean and efficient closed-loop recovery mechanism. Optimization methods are proposed for future recycling technologies, with a focus on how future research directions can be industrialized. Ultimately, based on life-cycle assessment, the challenges of future recycling are revealed from the LIBs supply chain and stability of the supply chain of the new energy battery industry to provide an outlook on clean and efficient short process recycling technologies. This work is designed to support the sustainable development of the new energy power industry, to help meet the needs of global decarbonization strategies and to respond to the major needs of industrialized recycling. (c) 2024 Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Keyword ：

High value utilization Transformative recycling LCA analysis Spent LIBs Policy guidance

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Abstract ：

The combination of ion-slicing and direct wafer bonding technology is a very promising method for transferring thin film material to cheap substrates. In this study, the evolution of internal defects and the thin film exfoliation process of He ion-implanted into LiNbO3 crystal were studied based on ion-slicing technology. Then, based on the Ar plasma-activated bonding process, the LiNbO3 thin film was transferred to the amorphous SiO2 (a-SiO2) layer. In addition, the bonding model of LiNbO3/a-SiO2/Si was established through finite element analysis, and the distribution curves of deformation and interfacial thermal stress with annealing temperature were obtained. After wet etching and proton exchange processes, the prepared LNOI substrate was successfully etched into a Yshaped branching waveguide on the surface. The LNOI substrate prepared by this work can meet the practical application requirements of thin film LiNbO3 devices.

Keyword ：

Wafer bonding Internal defects Finite element analysis Ion-slicing Thermal stress

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Integrated microwave photonics (MWP) is an intriguing technology for the generation, transmission and manipulation of microwave signals in chip-scale optical systems1,2. In particular, ultrafast processing of analogue signals in the optical domain with high fidelity and low latency could enable a variety of applications such as MWP filters3-5, microwave signal processing6-9 and image recognition10,11. An ideal integrated MWP processing platform should have both an efficient and high-speed electro-optic modulation block to faithfully perform microwave-optic conversion at low power and also a low-loss functional photonic network to implement various signal-processing tasks. Moreover, large-scale, low-cost manufacturability is required to monolithically integrate the two building blocks on the same chip. Here we demonstrate such an integrated MWP processing engine based on a 4 inch wafer-scale thin-film lithium niobate platform. It can perform multipurpose tasks with processing bandwidths of up to 67 GHz at complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible voltages. We achieve ultrafast analogue computation, namely temporal integration and differentiation, at sampling rates of up to 256 giga samples per second, and deploy these functions to showcase three proof-of-concept applications: solving ordinary differential equations, generating ultra-wideband signals and detecting edges in images. We further leverage the image edge detector to realize a photonic-assisted image segmentation model that can effectively outline the boundaries of melanoma lesion in medical diagnostic images. Our ultrafast lithium niobate MWP engine could provide compact, low-latency and cost-effective solutions for future wireless communications, high-resolution radar and photonic artificial intelligence. An integrated lithium niobate photonic processing engine performs integration and differentiation of analogue signals, solves ordinary differential equations, generates ultra-wideband microwave signals and detects edges in images.

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With the rapid demand for high-performance energy storage systems, lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) have emerged as the predominant technology in various applications. However, ensuring the safety and reliability of these batteries remains a critical challenge. Ultrasound-based detection, as a non-destructive and effective method for monitoring the internal state of LiBs, has gradually emerged as a valuable tool to enhance battery safety, reliability, and performance. This paper provides a review of recent advancements in the field of acoustic detection for LiBs, delving into the fundamental principles and mechanisms governing the propagation of acoustic signals within these batteries. This paper reviews the correlation between these acoustic signals and the operational status of the battery, as well as the association with internal side reactions during abnormal conditions. The strengths and limitations of current ultrasound-based detection methods are emphasized, offering insights to guide researchers, engineers, and industry professionals in advancing the field. The review aims to foster the development of robust ultrasound-based detection solutions for the next generation of energy storage systems.

Keyword ：

State of health Bulk waves State of charge LiBs defects Guided waves Ultrasound -based detection

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Nickel-rich layered lithium transition metal oxides, LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2, are key cathode materials for high-energy lithium-ion batteries owing to their high specific capacity. However, the commercial deployment of nickel-rich oxides is hampered by their parasitic reactions and the associated safety issues at high voltages. Developing a stable cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) is a promising strategy to overcome this problem. Herein, we report a novel approach, based on the in situ polymerization reaction, to build a protective polymer skin on LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.6O2 (NCM622) cathode materials. The artificial CEI skin was found to drastically improve the intrinsic thermal stability, mitigate the evolution of phase transition, and effectively inhibit the associated parasitic reactions between cathodes and the electrolyte in the high-charge states. This coating approach leads to enhanced capacity retention and battery safety under high-voltage operations. The CEI design concept offers a promising strategy for develop advanced nickel-rich cathodes for batteries.

Keyword ：

Cathode High voltage Thermal runaway Lithium-ion batteries

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The cost and limited availability of lithium resources have encouraged researchers to explore next-generation batteries. Among the emerging batteries systems, aqueous aluminum-ion batteries (AAIBs) stand as appealing electrochemical storage systems due to the high theoretical volume density, abundant resources and inherent safety of aluminum. Although substantial endeavors have been dedicated to AAIBs development, the narrow electrochemical window of aqueous electrolyte, hydrogen evolution reaction of aluminum electrode, low energy density and inferior cycle stability still hinder the development of AAIBs. Among these, the development of high-energy density and stable cathode materials is particularly significant. However, there exists considerable challenge remaining in devising cathode materials, which is mainly ascribed to the pronounced electrostatic repulsion from the inherently high charge density of Al3+. Therefore, this review comprehensively reviews recent advancements in the AAIBs cathodes, with a special focus on energy storage mechanism of different kinds of cathodes. Ultimately, it elucidates the primary challenges toward achieving high-performance AAIBs and outlines future research prospects.

Keyword ：

Energy storage mechanism High charge density Aqueous aluminum-ion batteries Cathode materials

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This study first systematically investigated selective Li+ extraction from Mg2+-rich brines with Na+ and K+ using ionic liquid (IL) based synergistic extractant (SE) systems from molecular mechanisms to extraction performances. The ternary combination 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([AMIM] [Tf2N]), tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TIBP) and dichloromethane (DCM), i.e., [AMIM][Tf2N]-TIBP-DCM was selected as a suitable SE from the diverse organic phosphorus ligands, ILs and diluents. The single-stage Li+ extraction efficiency was as high as 96.87%, and selectivities of beta Li+/Mg2+, beta Li+/Na+, and beta Li+/K+were up to 1161.94, 76.74, and 1263.46, respectively. It was found that Li+ is extracted from the aqueous phase to organic phase in Li+-4TIBP[Tf2N] complex. The molecular-level mechanism was identified as the multi-type interaction formed between metal ions and [AMIM][Tf2N]-TIBP to destroy the hydration of metal ions through quantum chemical (QC) calculations. The work proposes valuable theoretical guidance to develop novel IL-related SE systems for the high-efficiency Li+ extraction from salt lake brines.

Keyword ：

Extraction of lithium Quantum chemical calculation Synergistic extractant Ionic liquid Magnesium -rich brine Molecular mechanism

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