Altered　brain　function　in　patients　with　major　depressive　disorder　(MDD)　has　been　repeatedly　demonstrated　by　task-based　and　resting-state　studies,　respectively.　However,　less　is　known　concerning　whether　overlapped　abnormalities　in　functional　activities　across　modalities　exist　in　MDD　patients.　To　find　out　the　answer,　we　implemented　an　fMRI　experiment　and　collected　both　task　and　resting-state　data　from　19　MDD　patients　and　19　matched,　healthy,　controls.　A　distraction　paradigm　involving　emotionally　valenced　pictures　was　applied　to　induce　affective　responses　in　subjects.　As　a　result,　concurrent　deficits　were　found　in　arousing　activation　during　a　positive　task　in　both　the　reward　circuit　and　salience　network　(SN)　that　is　composed　of　the　dorsal　part　of　anterior　cingulate　cortex　(dACC)　and　bilateral　anterior　insulae　(AI)　in　only　the　MDD　group.　Subsequent　amplitude　of　low　frequency　fluctuations　(ALFF)　and　functional　connectivity　analyses　based　on　resting-state　data　exhibited　consistent　alterations　in　the　bilateral　AI　of　MDD　patients,　and　indicated　patients＇　difficulties　in　regulating　the　balance　between　central　executive　network　(CEN)　and　default　mode　network　(DMN)　due　to　altered　connectivity　among　the　CEN,　DMN,　and　SN.　Our　findings　provide　new　evidence　demonstrating　impaired　salience　processing　and　resulting　alterations　in　responses　to　positive　stimuli　in　MDD　patients.　Furthermore,　brain　abnormalities　synchronized　across　functional　states　in　MDD　patients　can　be　evidenced　by　a　combination　of　task　and　resting-state　fMRI　analyses.