Human　papillomavirus　(HPV)　is　associated　with　various　human　diseases,　including　cancer,　and　developing　vaccines　is　a　cost-efficient　strategy　to　prevent　HPV-related　disease.　The　major　capsid　protein　L1,　which　an　increasing　number　of　studies　have　confirmed　is　typically　expressed　early　in　infection,　is　a　promising　antigen　for　such　a　vaccine,　although　the　E6　and　E7　proteins　have　been　characterized　more　extensively.　Thus,　the　L1　gene　from　HPV16　was　inserted　into　a　recombinant　vector,　AdHu5,　and　MVA　viral　vectors,　and　administered　by　prime-boost　immunization.　Virus-like　particles　were　used　as　control　antigens.　Our　results　indicate　that　prime-boost　immunization　with　heterologous　vaccines　induced　robust　and　sustained　cellular　and　humoral　response　specific　to　HPV16　L1.　In　particular,　sera　obtained　from　mice　immunized　with　DNA　+　DNA　+　Ad　+　MVA　had　excellent　antitumor　activity　in　vivo.　However,　the　data　also　confirm　that　virus-like　particles　can　only　elicit　low　levels　cellular　immunity　and　not　be　long-lasting,　and　are　therefore　unsuitable　for　treatment　of　existing　HPV　infections.　(C)　2016　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.