The　composite　adsorption　materials　modified　by　wispy　nanostructure　gamma-AlOOH　or　gamma-Al2O3　were　prepared　via　one-step　hydrothermal　method　by　using　crystalline　aluminum　chloride　(AlCl3　center　dot　6H(2)O)　as　the　resource　of　aluminum,　sodium　dodecylbenzenesulfonate　(SDBS)　as　template　and　diatomite　as　the　substrate.　The　as-prepared　samples　were　characterized　by　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD),　scanning　electron　microscope　(SEM),　transmission　electron　microscope　(TEM),　thermogravimetric　analysis/differential　scanning　calorimetry　(TG/DSC),　and　N-2　adsorption-desorption　measurement.　The　adsorption　capacity　for　Cs+　and　Pb2+　of　the　samples　were　investigated.　It　was　found　that　the　samples　showed　superb　adsorption　properties　for　Cs+　and　Pb2+.　The　maximal　removal　efficiency　of　the　gamma-AlOOH/diatomite　and　gamma-Al2O3/diatomite　for　Cs+　were　98.9　and　99.6%,　respectively,　and　the　maximum　adsorption　capacities　for　Pb2+　were　357.1　and　416.7　mg.g(-1),　respectively.　Both　of　the　adsorption　models　for　Pb2+　were　consistent　with　the　Langmuir　adsorption　model.