The　effect　of　the　element　cerium　on　the　microstructure　and　wear　behavior　of　Fe-B　cast　alloy　was　investigated　by　scanning　electron　microscope,　transmission　electron　microscope,　X-ray　diffraction　analysis,　Leica　digital　image　analysis,　hardness　tester　and　abrasion　tester.　The　microstructures　of　as-cast　Fe-B　alloy　are　composed　of　the　phase　ferrite,　pearlite　and　eutectic　boride.　Moreover,　the　as-cast　eutectic　boride　structures　in　Fe-B　alloy　containing　cerium　are　finer　than　that　in　the　alloy　having　no　cerium.　After　heat　treatment,　the　average　boride　area　and　wear　weight　loss　of　the　alloy　containing　cerium　are　lower　than　these　of　the　alloy　having　no　cerium.　Before　the　formation　of　primary　austenite,　cerium　can　combine　with　oxygen　to　form　Ce2O3.　Ce2O3　can　act　as　nuclei　of　primary　austenite,　promoting　the　refinement　of　austenite　and　borides　during　solidification,　and　improve　the　wear　property　of　Fe-B　alloy.