The　application　of　material　flow　analysis　(MFA)　as　a　tool　produces　an　objective　assessment　on　scale,　structure,　operation　efficiency　and　other　aspects　of　the　development　of　iron　and　steel　industry　in　Hebei　Province.　This　study　is　based　on　the　framework　of　＂Economy-wide　material　flow　accounts　and　derived　indicators:　A　methodological　guide:＂　however,　some　necessary　corrections　have　been　made　for　the　analysis　of　material　metabolism　according　to　the　characteristics　of　industrial　MFA　and　the　reality　in　the　Hebei　iron　and　steel　industry　(HISI).　Two　panoramic　MFA　analyses　of　HIS!　in　2005　and　2010　were　conducted　respectively,　which　form　a　continuous　analysis　of　scale,　structure,　and　efficiency　in　material　metabolism　for　HISI..　The　results　show　that　between　2005　and　2010,　there　was　a　rapid　development　of　HISI　as　a　result　of　huge　consumption　of　resource　and　energy.　Between　these　years,　the　material　inputs　and　material　consumption　increased　by　3.30　times　and　4.98　times,　respectively,　leading　to　serious　environmental　degradation　and　significant　waste　of　resource　and　energy.　Although　the　scale　of　material　metabolism　kept　increasing,　the　rate　of　increase　slowed.　Hence,　the　total　amount　of　waste　emission　increased　year　after　year;　specifically,　gas　waste　witnessed　an　increase　of　9.7%　each　year.　Clearly,　there　is　an　excessive　and　growing　dependence　on　primary　energy　resources.　The　amount　of　iron　ore　imports　increased　2.61　times　in　2010　compared　to　2005.　In　order　to　achieve　sustainable　development　in　HIS!,　we　recommend　the　following:　improving　technologies,　strengthening　material　recycling,　and　promoting　circular　economy.　(C)　2015　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.