The　three-dimensional　(3D)　macroporous　anodes　were　constructed　by　coating　carbon　nanoparticles　(graphene,　carbon　nanotube,　or　activated　carbon)　on　stainless　steel　fiber　felts　(SSFFs)　that　have　an　open,　solid　and　macroporous　structure.　These　modified　electrodes　provided　large　surface　area　for　reaction,　interfacial　transport　and　biocompatible　interface　available　for　bacterial　colonization　and　substrate　transport.　Graphene　modified　anode　delivered　a　maximum　power　density　of　2142　mW　m(-2)　at　a　current　density　of　6.1　A　m(-2)　in　MFC,　greatly　improved　the　performance　of　MFC　compared　with　the　unmodified　SSFF-MFC.　Electrochemical　impedance　spectroscopy　(EIS)　measurements　together　with　the　polarization　curves　demonstrated　that　carbon　nanoparticles　modified　anodes　could　greatly　decrease　MFCs＇　internal　resistance.　Our　experimental　results　also　proved　that　embedding　carbon　nanoparticles　into　3D　macroporous　metallic　scaffold　is　a　promising　method　for　MFC　anode　fabrication.　(C)　2014　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.