Both　decalcified　bone　matrix　(DBM)　and　fibrin　gel　possess　good　biocompatibility,　so　they　are　used　as　scaffolds　to　culture　bone　marrow　mesenchymal　stem　cells　(BMSCs).　The　feasibility　and　efficacy　of　using　compound　material　being　made　of　decalcified　bone　matrix　and　fibrin　gel　as　a　three-dimensional　scaffold　for　bone　growth　were　investigated.　BMSCs　were　isolated　from　the　femur　of　rabbit,　then　seeded　in　prepared　scaffolds　after　incubation　for　28　days　in　vitro.　In　vivo:　30　New　Zealand　White　Rabbits　received　bone　defect　in　left　radius　and　divided　three　treatment　groups　randomly:　(1)　BMSCs/decalcified　bone　matrix/fibrin　glue　as　experimental　group;　(2)　decalcified　bone　matrix/fibrin　glue　without　cells　as　control　group;　(3)　nothing　was　implanted　into　the　bone　defects　as　blank　group.　The　observation　period　of　specimens　was　12　weeks,　and　were　analyzed　bone　formation　in　terms　of　serum　proteomics　(2D-PAGE　and　MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS),　hematoxylin-eosin　(HE)　staining,　ALP　staining,　and　Osteopontin　immunofluorescence　detection.　The　experimental　group　present　in　three　peculiar　kinds　of　proteins,　whose　Geninfo　identifier　(GI)　number　were　136466,　126722803,　and　126723746,　respectively,　correspond　to　TTR　protein,　ALB　protein,　RBP4　protein,　and　the　histological　inspections　were　superior　to　the　other　group.　The　content　of　osteopontin　in　experimental　group　was　significantly　higher　than　control　group　(p　＜　0.05).　The　overall　results　indicated　that　a　combined　material　being　made　of　BMSCs/decalcified　bone　matrix/fibrin　glue　can　result　in　successful　bone　formation　and　decalcified　bone　matrix/fibrin　glue　admixtures　can　be　used　as　a　scaffold　for　bone　tissue　engineering.　(c)　2013　Wiley　Periodicals,　Inc.　J　Biomed　Mater　Res　Part　A:　102A:　1294-1304,　2014.