The　aim　of　this　study　is　to　investigate　the　effects　of　differentiation　of　rabbit　bone　marrow　mesenchymal　stem　cells　(rBMSCs)　into　chondrocytes　induced　by　transforming　growth　factor-beta1　(TCP-beta　1)　composite　poly-1actide-co-glycolic　acid/nano-hydroxyapatite　(PLLA/nano-HA)　to　the　construction　of　biomimetic　artificial　cartilage　in　vitro.　In　the　low-temperature　extrusion　preparation　of　PLLA/nano-HA　composite　porous　scaffolds,　rBMSCs　were　isolated　and　cultured　to　third　generation　in　vitro,　induced　by　TGF-beta　1-contained　special　inducing　system　into　chondrocytes,　14　d　later,　identified　by　toluidine　blue　and　type　II　collagen　immunohistochemistry　staining,　and　then　the　differential　chondrocytes　composite　into　the　PLLA/nano-HA　composite　porous　scaffolds,　using　scanning　electron　microscopy　(SEM)　to　observe　the　growth　conditions　and　cell　attachment　on　the　composite　in　the　7th,14th,　and　21st　day　and　to　gather　cells　on　composite　in　the　7th,　14th,　and　21st　day　of　cell.　RT-PCR　is　used　to　detect　the　expression　of　aggrecan　(Col2A1　in　mRNA)　and　Western　blot　for　detection　of　the　expression　of　type　II　collagen　of　the　attached　cells.　rBMSCs　can　differentiate　into　chondrocytes　when　induced,　and　the　differentiation　of　chondrocytes　secreting　GAG　by　toluidine　blue　staining　and　type　II　collagen　immunohistochemistry　staining　was　positive;　SEM　confirm　the　cells　distribution　evenly,　stretching　well　in　composite.　RT-PCR　of　aggrecan,　Col2A1　in　mRNA,　and　Western-blot　of　type　II　collagen　expression　in　the　differentiation　of　chondrocytes　have　different　levels.　Using　TGF-beta　1　containing　special　inducing　system　induced　rBMSCs　into　chondrocytes,　then　into　compounds　of　PLLA/nano-HA　composite　porous　scaffolds,　and　cell　carrier　complex　proliferated　well　and　secreted　the　chondrocyte-specific　extracellular　matrix　stably,　successfully　constructing　artificial　bionic　in　vitro.