The　promotion　of　hybrid　and　electric　vehicles　(EVs)　has　been　proposed　as　one　promising　solution　for　reducing　transport　energy　consumption　and　mitigating　vehicular　emissions　in　China.　In　this　study,　the　energy　and　environmental　impacts　of　hybrid　and　EVs　during　2010-2020　were　evaluated　through　an　energy　conversion　analysis　and　a　life　cycle　assessment　(LCA),　and　the　per-kilometer　energy　consumptions　of　gasoline,　coal,　natural　gas　(NG),　oil,　biomass,　garbage　and　electricity　for　EVs　and　HEVs　were　estimated.　Results　show　that　the　EVs　and　HEVs　can　reduce　the　energy　consumption　of　vehicles　by　national　average　ratios　of　17%-19%　and　30%-33%,　respectively.　The　study　also　calculated　the　detailed　emission　factors　of　SO2,　NOX,　VOC,　CO,　NH3,　PM10,　PM2.5,　OC,　EC,　CO2,　N2O,　CH4,　Pb　and　Hg.　It　is　indicated　that　the　HEVs　can　bring　significant　reductions　of　NOX,　VOC　and　CO　emissions　and　lesser　decreases　of　SO2　and　CO2　for　a　single　vehicle.　The　EVs　could　decrease　many　of　the　VOC,　NH3,　CO　and　CO2　emissions,　but　increase　the　SO2,　NOX　and　particles　by　10.8-13.0,　2.7-2.9　and　3.6-11.5　times,　respectively.　In　addition,　the　electricity　sources　had　significant　influence　on　energy　consumption　(EC)　and　emissions.　A　high　proportion　of　coal-fired　energy　resulted　in　large　ECs　and　emission　factors.　The　total　energy　consumption　and　pollutants　emission　changes　in　2015　and　2020　were　also　calculated.　Based　on　the　energy　use　and　emission　analysis　of　HEVs　and　EVs,　it　is　suggested　that　EVs　should　be　promoted　in　the　regions　with　higher　proportions　of　hydropower,　natural　gas-fired　power　and　clean　energy　power,　while　HEVs　can　be　widely　adopted　in　the　regions　with　high　coal-fired　power　ratios.　This　is　to　achieve　a　higher　energy　consumption　reduction　and　pollutant　emission　mitigation.　Moreover,　the　results　can　also　provide　scientific　support　for　the　total　amount　control　of　regional　air　pollutants　in　China.