Molecular　distillation　was　used　to　recover　ionic　liquid　(IL)　1-ally1-3-methylimidazolium　chloride　(AmimC1)　in　homogeneous　cellulose　acetylation.　The　five　factors　that　affect　the　separation　efficiency　of　molecular　distillation,　namely,　feed　flow　rate,　distillation　temperature,　feed　temperature,　wiper　rotating　speed,　and　distillation　pressure,　are　discussed.　The　optimal　recovery　condition　was　determined　via　orthogonal　experiments　using　an　OA(9)(3(4))　design.　The　IL　was　recycled　and　reused　5　times　in　the　homogeneous　cellulose　acetylation　system　under　optimal　conditions.　The　purity　of　recycled　IL　the　5th　time　reached　99.56%.　FT-IR　(Fourier　transform　infrared　spectroscopy)　and　H-1　NMR　(nuclear　magnetic　resonance)　spectroscopy　showed　that　the　structure　of　the　recovered　IL　is　not　changed.　This　work　proves　that　AmimC1　has　excellent　reusability,　and　that　molecular　distillation　is　an　effective　method　for　recovering　IL　in　homogeneous　cellulose　acetylation.