A　study　is　presented　on　effects　of　the　adenovirus-mediated　human　bone　morphogenetic　protein-2　(Ad-BMP-2)　expression　vector＇s　transfection　into　rabbit　bone　marrow　stromal　cells　(rBMSCs)　and　the　subsequent　composition　to　nanohydroxyapatite　(Nano-HA)　for　the　construction　of　biomimetic　artificial　bone　in　vitro.　The　adenovirus　vector　was　constructed　by　Gateway　TM　technology,　and　the　rBMSCs　transfected　by　Ad-BMP-2　were　cultured　in　vitro.　Immunohistochemistry,　reverse　transcriptase-polymerase　chain　reaction　and　Western　blot　were　used　to　detect　the　bone　morphogenetic　protein-2　(BMP-2)　expression.　After　culture　for　48　h,　the　transfected　cells　were　seeded　onto　the　Nano-HA　scaffold.　Scanning　electron　microscopy　(SEM)　was　used　to　observe　the　growth　and　attachment　of　cells　on　the　composite　scaffold　on　the　third　and　fifth　days.　After　transfection,　the　hBMP-2　gene　showed　high　expressions　in　mRNA　and　protein　levels.　SEM　revealed　even　distribution　and　fine　adherence　of　the　cells　in　the　composite　scaffold.　The　Western　blot　showed　high　expression　of　BMP-2　in　the　transfected　and　compound　cells.　The　target　cells　that　were　transfected　with　the　adenovirus　vector　that　contained　the　genes,　were　bonded　to　the　Nano-HA　scaffold,　and　therefore　the　cell　carrier　complexes　became　stable　and　effectively　secreted　growth　factors,　and　the　biomimetic　artificial　bones　were　successfully　constructed　in　vitro.