Meningiomas,　one　of　the　most　common　benign　brain　tumors　in　humans,　arise　from　arachnoid　cells　in　the　brain　meninges.　Our　investigations　have　revealed　that　miR-335　is　a　typical　microRNA　overexpressed　in　meningiomas　in　humans.　Characterization　of　the　effects　of　miR-335　overexpression　in　meningiomas　demonstrated　that　elevated　levels　of　miR-335　increased　cell　growth　and　inhibited　cell　cycle　arrest　in　the　G0/G1　phase　in　vitro;　in　addition,　reduction　of　the　miR-335　levels　had　the　opposite　effect　on　tumor　growth　and　progression.　Further,　previous　studies　have　shown　that　the　mechanism　of　effect　of　miR-335　on　the　proliferation　of　meningioma　cells　is　associated　with　alterations　in　the　expression　of　human　retinoblastoma　1　(Rb1).　Our　results　indicate　that　miR-335　plays　an　essential　role　in　the　proliferation　of　meningioma　cells　by　directly　targeting　the　Rb1　signaling　pathway.　Thus,　our　results　highlight　a　novel　molecular　interaction　between　miR-335　and　Rb1,　and　miR-335　may　represent　a　potential　novel　therapeutic　agent　to　target　the　proliferation　of　meningioma　cells.