Raman　spectroscopy　is　an　analytical　techniques　based　on　Raman　scattering,　which　gives　information　of　molecular　vibration　and　rotation.　Raman　spectroscopy　has　been　widely　employed　in　the　investigations　of　the　structure　of　biomolacules,　because　it　has　many　advantages　over　the　common　chemical　analysis.　Raman　spectroscopy　is　non-destructive　to　the　samples.　Moreover,　it　requires　simple　sample　preparation　and　small　sample　amount.　Raman　spectroscopy　can　be　used　not　only　for　fast　detections　of　damages　of　biological　macromolecules,　such　as　proteins,　nucleic　acids　and　lipids,　but　also　for　diagnosis　and　surgical　treatments　of　cancer.　By　comparing　the　Raman　spectra　of　normal　tissue　and　cancer　tissue,　the　differences　in　the　characteristic　absorption　peaks　between　the　two　kinds　of　tissues　can　be　confirmed,　which　provides　significant　information　for　final　diagnosis　of　cancer　and　determination　of　the　resection　extent　of　tumor.　This　paper　reviewed　the　researches　on　biomolecular　damages　by　Raman　spectral　inspections.　It　described　the　applications　of　Raman　spectral　techniques,　such　as　surface-enhanced　Raman　spectroscopy,　Fourier　transform　Raman　and　UV　resonance　Raman　spectroscopy,　in　the　detection　of　protein　secondary　structures,　membrane　lipids　and　DNA　damages.　A　prospect　of　the　development　of　Raman　spectroscopy　in　the　future　was　given.