This　study　is　based　on　the　three　types　of　residential　buildings　with　framework　structures　in　Beijing:　concrete　framework　construction　(CFC),　light-gauge　steel　framework　construction　(SFC),　and　wood　framework　construction　(WFC).　The　analysis　of　the　environmental　load　across　the　life　cycle　of　the　three　types　of　buildings　is　conducted　using　life　cycle　assessment　(LCA)　according　to　the　protocols　of　the　International　Organization　for　Standardization　(ISO)　14040/44.　The　functional　unit　is　the　three　material　building　designs,　which　possess　the　same　function　and　design　plan,　and　are　built　in　concrete,　light-gauge　steel,　and　light　frame　wood,　inclusive　of　their　respective　envelope　materials.　Throughout　the　investigation,　the　calculations　of　the　environmental　load　data　of　materials,　energy　consumption,　and　carbon　dioxide　(CO2)　emissions　are　comprehensively　assessed　and　compared.　The　study　shows　that　over　the　life　cycle,　the　energy　consumption　of　CFC　is　almost　the　same　as　that　of　SFC,　and　each　of　them　is　approximately　30%　higher　than　that　of　WFC.　Building　use,　steel　material　production,　cement　production,　gypsum　board　production,　and　material　transport　are　the　main　construction　activities　related　to　the　energy　consumption;　the　net　CO2　emission　of　CFC　is　44%　higher　than　that　of　SFC　and　49%　higher　than　that　of　WFC.　The　main　source　of　CO2　emission　is　the　use　of　electricity;　its　contributions　to　the　net　CO2　emissions　of　WFC,　SFC,　and　CFC　are　67%,　64%,　and　44%,　respectively.　The　net　CO2　emissions　in　the　transport　category　cannot　be　ignored,　with　proportions　amounting　to　8%,　12%,　and　11%　for　WFC,　SFC,　and　CFC,　respectively.