Lop　Nur　in　Xinjiang,　Northwest　China,　is　located　in　the　lowest　part　of　the　Tarim　Basin　at　an　altitude　of　780　m　and　experiences　an　extremely　dry　climate　with　an　annual　precipitation　of　only　17　mm　and　a　high　evaporation　rate　of　2,728　mm.　The　pollen　and　spores　from　the　Late　Miocene　strata　of　a　borehole　in　Lop　Nur　were　analyzed　with　a　view　to　interpreting　the　paleoenvironmental　evolution　of　Lop　Nur.　Main　types　of　pollen　such　as　Chenopodiaceae,　Nitraria,　Ephedra　and　Artemisia　reflect　an　arid　climate.　By　collating　the　palynological　data　in　this　area　as　recorded　in　other　literature　and　by　applying　the　method　of　Coexistence　Analysis,　we　have　obtained　the　paleoclimatic　parameters　from　Late　Miocene　to　Holocene　in　Lop　Nur.　These　suggest　that　temperatures　increased　from　the　Late　Miocene　(10.2A　degrees　C)　to　the　Pliocene　(13.4A　degrees　C),　decreased　from　Pliocene　to　Pleistocene　(4.7A　degrees　C),　and　were　more　stable　from　Holocene　(12.1A　degrees　C)　until　now　(11.5A　degrees　C).　The　precipitation　was　stable　(about　900　mm)　from　Late　Miocene　to　Early　Pleistocene,　then　decreased　markedly　(to　about　300　mm)　in　Middle　and　Late　Pleistocene,　and　reached　its　lowest　value　(17.4　mm)　in　the　Holocene.　The　changes　in　paleoclimate　at　Lop　Nur　provide　new　evidence　for　understanding　the　uplift　of　the　Qinghai-Tibetan　Plateau.