The　microstructure,　crystal　structure,　and　magnetic　properties　were　studied　for　Nd-Fe-B　nanoflakes　prepared　by　surfactant-assisted　high-energy　ball　milling　(HEBM)　with　heptane　and　oleic　acid　as　the　milling　medium.　The　microstructure,　crystal　structure,　and　magnetic　properties　of　the　nanoflakes　were　examined　with　scanning　electronic　microscopy,　x　ray　diffraction,　and　vibrating　sample　magnetometer,　respectively.　Effect　of　ball-milling　time　on　the　c-axis　crystallographic　alignment　and　coercivity　of　Nd-Fe-B　nanoflakes　were　systematically　investigated.　Microstructure　observation　shows　that　the　Nd-Fe-B　nanoflakes　have　an　average　thickness　of　tens　of　nanometers,　an　average　diameter　in　the　range　of　500　similar　to　1000　nm,　and　an　aspect　ratio　as　high　as　100.　As　the　ball-milling　time　increases　from　2　h　to　12　h,　the　intensity　ratio　between　(006)　and　(105)　reflection　peaks,　which　indicates　the　degree　of　c-axis　crystal　texture　of　the　Nd2Fe14B　phase,　drops　gradually,　indicating　that　the　long　time-milling　process　undermines　the　c-axis　crystal　texture　of　Nd2Fe14B　phase　in　the　nanoflakes.　On　the　other　hand,　the　coercivity　of　the　nanoflakes　firstly　increases,　peaks　at　3.8　kOe　for　8　h,　and　then　decreases　again　along　with　the　ball　milling.　VC　2012　American　Institute　of　Physics.　[doi:　10.1063/1.3679414]