Perovskite-like　oxide　La2-xSrxCuO4　(x　=　0,　1)　single　crystallites　with　microrod-like　morphologies　and　tetragonal　crystal　structures　were　prepared　hydrothermally　at　240　degrees　C　with　poly(ethylene　glycol)　(PEG)　or　hexadecyltrimethyl　ammonium　bromide　(CTAB)　as　a　surfactant　and　after　calcination　at　850　degrees　C.　The　physicochemical　properties　of　the　materials　were　characterized　by　means　of　XRD,　BET,　SEM,　TEM/SAED　(selected-area　electron　diffraction),　XPS　and　H-2-TPR　techniques.　It　is　found　that　doping　Sr2+　to　La2CuO4　lattice　enhanced　the　catalytic　activity　for　methane　combustion　and　the　LaSrCuO4　catalyst　derived　from　PEG　is　the　best　among　the　tested　ones.　It　is　concluded　that　factors,　such　as　adsorbed　oxygen　species　concentration,　reducibility　and　surface　area,　determined　the　catalytic　performance　of　such　single-crystalline　materials.