Background　aims.　Neural　stem　cells　(NSC)　derived　from　bone　marrow　stromal　cells　(BMSC)　(BMSC-D-NSC)　are　remarkably　versatile　in　response　to　environmental　signals,　which　render　them　useful　in　the　search　for　neurodegenerative　disease　treatments.　Methods.　We　isolated　NSC　from　rhesus　monkey　bone　marrow　(BM),　transfected　them　with　the　human　tyrosine　hydroxylase　(hTH)　gene,　and　transplanted　them　into　1-methyl-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine　(MPTP)-lesioned　hemiparkinsonian　rhesus　monkeys　to　determine　changes　in　neural　transmitter　production　and　alterations　in　behavior.　Results.　hTH-expressing　cells　produced　monoamine　agents　in　vitro,　such　as　noradrenalin　and　dopamine.　After　cell　transplantation　in　the　caudate　nucleus　and　substantia　nigra　of　the　experimental　monkeys,　their　disease　symptoms　and　dysfunctional　glucose　metabolism　and　dopamine　transport　were　ameliorated.　Conclusions.　hTH-expressing　BMSC-D-NSC　survived　in　transplantation　sites　and　assumed　normal　dopaminergic　neuronal　properties,　playing　an　instrumental　role　in　functional　restoration.