Bulk　samples　of　a　p-type　Ca2.9M0.1Co4O9(M=Ag,　La,　Ba)　oxide　composite　were　fabricated　by　a　nitric　acid　sol-gel　and　a　spark　plasma　sintering　method.　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD)　analyses　showed　a　single　phase　for　the　samples.　The　orientation　of　polycrystalline　Ca3Co4O9　could　be　modified　by　substituting　the　Ca.　The　orientation　degree　could　be　improved　by　decreasing　the　electronegativity　of　the　substituting　atom.　Scanning　electron　microscopy　(SEM)　analyses　showed　that　these　samples　were　layer-structured　and　that　this　layer-structure　could　be　enhanced　by　decreasing　the　electronegativity　of　the　substituting　atom.　Electrical　property　analyses　showed　that　the　reduced　resistivity　in　the　measured　temperature　region　could　be　increased　by　decreasing　the　electronegativity　of　the　substituting　atom.　The　conduction　path　was　not　disturbed　and　the　transportation　mechanism　was　unchanged　for　all　samples.　The　Ca2.9Ag0.1Co4O9　sample　that　was　substituted　by　Ag　(the　highest　electronegativity)　exhibited　the　lowest　orientation　degree　and　its　resistivity　was　6.87　m　Omega　.　cm　at　973　K.　The　Ca2.9Ba0.1Co4O9　sample　substituted　by　Ba　(the　lowest　electronegativity)　exhibited　the　highest　orientation　degree　and　its　resistivity　was　8.22　m　Omega　.　cm　at　973　K.