To　investigate　the　microstructure-property　relations　of　honeybee　stingers,　the　cross-section　microstructures　were　analyzed　by　scanning　electron　microscope　(SEM)　and　the　mechanical　properties　of　honeybee　stingers　were　tested　by　nanoindentation　experimentin　vivoin　this　paper.　The　Young＇s　modulus　and　hardness　in　the　cross　section　of　different　segments　of　honeybee　stingers　were　obtained.　It　is　found　that　the　honeybee　stinger　is　of　a　hierarchical　structure　in　cross　section,　which　varies　from　the　root　to　the　tip　and　leads　to　quite　different　mechanical　properties　of　the　stingers.　The　natural　optimized　microstructure　and　excellent　mechanical　properties　of　the　stingers　effectively　contribute　to　the　biological　function　and　self-protection　performance　of　honeybees.