The　upcoming　lunar　lander　missions,　for　example　Chang＇e　2　from　CNSA　and　several　mission　proposals　and　studies　currently　under　consideration　at　NASA　(e.g.　Neal　et　al.,　ROSES　2006　Proposal　to　NASA,　2006),　ESA　(e.g.　Hufenbach,　European　Workshop　on　Lunar　Landers,　ESTEC,　Noordwijk,　The　Netherlands,　2005;　Foing,　EPSC　Abstracts,　vol　2,　EPSC2007-A-00422,　European　Planetary　Science　Congress,　Potsdam,　Germany,　2007)　and　JAXA,　Japan　(Matsumoto　et　al.,　Acta　Astronautica,　59:68-76,　2006)　offer　new　possibilities　to　measure　the　thermal　properties　of　the　lunar　regolith　and　to　determine　the　global　lunar　heat　flow　more　accurately　than　it　is　hitherto　known.　Both　properties　are　of　high　importance　for　the　understanding　of　the　lunar　structure　and　the　evolution　of　the　Moon-Earth　system.　In　this　paper　we　present　some　work　on　new　thermal　sensors　to　be　used　for　in　situ　investigations　of　the　lunar　soil　in　combination　with　novel　drilling　techniques　applicable　for　the　lunar　regolith.　Such　systems　may　preferably　be　mounted　on　mobile　stations　like　the　lunar　rover　currently　built　for　the　Chinese　Chang＇e　2　mission.　A　general　description　of　a　presently　tested　prototype　of　the　lunar　rover　is　given　and　mounting　possibilities　for　a　drilling　system　and　thermal　sensors　are　shown.　Then　we　discuss　some　options　for　thermal　sensors　and　drills　and　how　they　could　be　combined　into　one　compact　instrument.　Subsequently　a　tube-like　sensor　suitable　for　measuring　the　thermal　conductivity　of　the　material　surrounding　a　borehole　is　described　in　more　detail.　Finally　the　performance　of　such　a　tube-shaped　sensor　when　applied　in　a　lunar　borehole　is　investigated　by　thermal　modelling　and　compared　with　the　behaviour　of　a　more　conventional　needle-shaped　sensor.