Various　random　models　with　balanced　data　that　are　relevant　for　analyzing　practical　test　data　are　described,　along　with　several　hypothesis　testing　and　interval　estimation　problems　concerning　variance　components.　In　this　paper,　we　mainly　consider　these　problems　in　general　random　effect　model　with　balanced　data.　Exact　tests　and　confidence　intervals　for　a　single　variance　component　corresponding　to　random　effect　are　developed　by　using　generalized　p-values　and　generalized　confidence　intervals.　The　resulting　procedures　are　easy　to　compute　and　are　applicable　to　small　samples.　Exact　tests　and　confidence　intervals　are　also　established　for　comparing　the　random-effects　variance　components　and　the　sum　of　random-effects　variance　components　in　two　independent　general　random　effect　models　with　balanced　data.　Furthermore,　we　investigate　the　statistical　properties　of　the　resulting　tests.　Finally,　some　simulation　results　on　the　type　I　error　probability　and　power　of　the　proposed　test　are　reported.　The　simulation　results　indicate　that　exact　test　is　extremely　satisfactory　for　controlling　type　I　error　probability.