NdFeB/alpha-Fe　nanocomposite　magnetic　powders　were　prepared　by　sonochemical　process.　The　powders　were　then　submitted　to　a　hot　press　and　subsequent　hot　deformation　process　by　spark　plasma　sintering　(SPS)　technique.　Effect　of　alpha-Fe　content　on　structure　and　magnetic　properties　of　both　isotropic　and　anisotropic　magnets　was　investigated.　For　hot　pressed　magnets,　the　remanence　increases　with　the　content　of　alpha-Fe,　while　the　coercive　force　drops　simultaneously.　After　hot　deformation,　the　magnets　with　no　more　than　2　vol%　alpha-Fe　exhibit　obvious　anisotropic　characteristic.　For　the　magnets　with　more　a-Fe,　however,　the　magnetic　anisotropy　disappears　due　to　the　absence　of　(00l)　crystal　texture　after　deformation.　It　is,　therefore,　expected　that　a-Fe　content　plays　an　important　role　in　the　formation　of　C-axis　crystal　texture　during　hot　deformation　process.　(c)　2007　WILEY-VCH　Vertag　GmbH　&　Co.　KGaA,　Weinheim.