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Fungi can be used in a bio-trickling filter (BTF) to treat volatile organic compound pollutants. To explore the effect of liquid supply on the performance of a fungal BTF, a three-layer BTF filled with ceramsite and inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum to treat toluene was constructed. The BTF started rapidly (< 10 days) and could be restarted within 4 days after 24 day' stagnation. High-throughput sequencing showed that Fusarium evolved into a complex microbial system. The middle layer had the most even proportions of dominant fungi and the highest coexistence of various genera. The effect of liquid supply on the performance of microorganism in the BTF was investigated in detail. The pH of the nutrient liquid fluctuated between 5.6 and 8.1. Small amounts of nutrient sprayed at frequent intervals (49 mL every 2 h) and a minimum humidity of 40 % provided optimal conditions for fungal survival. Nutrient replacement cycle can be extended from one week to two weeks, and timely removal of microelements can enhance the microbial activity. Moreover, fungi can grow well at ambient temperatures of 16 to 28 degrees C.
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