This　paper　focuses　on　the　effect　of　melting　modes　on　microstructural　evolution　and　tribological　properties　of　AlSi10Mg　alloy　fabricated　by　selective　laser　melting　(SLM).　The　results　showed　that　the　microstructures　of　SLM　AlSi10Mg　consisted　of　primary　alpha-Al　surrounded　by　cellular　Si　networks　(similar　to　500　nm)　when　fabricated　in　conduction　mode,　but　has　a　finer　cellular-like　Si　phase　(similar　to　200　nm)　when　fabricated　in　keyhole　mode.　The　strong　convection　caused　by　the　melt　reflow　and　Marangoni　convection　under　keyhole　mode　also　resulted　in　deposition　of　nano-scale　Si　particles　at　the　bottom　of　the　molten　pool.　The　SLM　AlSi10Mg　fabricated　in　keyhole　mode　exhibited　better　wear　resistance　than　that　fabricated　in　conduction　mode.　Compared　to　traditional　as-cast　specimens,　both　SLM　specimens　showed　better　wear　resistance　due　to　the　unique　cellular-like　networks.　The　SLM　technique　offers　a　new　approach　for　material　processing　that　can　be　used　to　refine　microstructures　for　improved　tribological　properties.