This　paper　reported　concentration　characteristics　of　thirteen　kinds　of　gaseous　carbonyl　compounds　(CCs)　in　urban　houses　with　schoolchildren　in　two　different　climatic　zones　of　China,　estimated　schoolchildren＇s　daily　inhalation　dose　of　formaldehyde　and　acetaldehyde,　and　then　evaluated　potential　health　risks　for　schoolchildren.　Formaldehyde　was　the　most　abundant　CCs　in　the　houses,　following　by　acetone　and　acetaldehyde.　Mean　concentrations　of　indoor　formaldehyde,　acetaldehyde　and　acetone　in　summer　were　39.4　mu　g/m(3),　16.1　mu　g/m(3)　and　26.7　mu　g/m(3),　which　were　higher　than　the　concentrations　of　21.4　mu　g/m(3),　9.9　mu　g/m(3)　and　16.5　mu　g/m(3)　in　winter.　Compared　to　winter,　more　kinds　of　CCs　were　detected　in　summer.　The　significant　positive　correlations　between　different　CCs　indicated　CCs　were　coexisting　in　indoor　environments　and　released　from　the　same　sources.　Due　to　a　longer　time　spent　in　child＇s　bedrooms,　children＇s　inhalation　doses　of　formaldehyde　and　acetaldehyde　in　child＇s　bedrooms　were　much　higher　than　those　in　living　rooms.　The　impact　of　formaldehyde　exposure　in　the　houses　on　children＇s　health　was　greater　than　acetaldehyde　exposure.　The　average　risk　quotients　for　formaldehyde　exposure　in　winter　and　summer　were　20.74　and　39.34,　while　4.65　and　6.97　for　formaldehyde　exposure.　These　results　supplemented　the　limited　data　concerning　children＇s　exposure　to　CCs　and　associated　health　risk　in　the　houses　of　China.