Polycarboxylate　superplasticizer　(PCE)　with　higher　water　reduction　ability　is　more　sensitive　to　the　variation　of　concrete　raw　materials.　The　fluidity　and　fluidity　retention　of　cement　pastes　with　four　PCEs　were　studied　to　examine　the　compatibility　between　PCEs　and　raw　materials　in　concrete.　The　influences　of　clay,　fly　ash　and　fine　powders　(mineral,　stone　and　sand)　on　the　properties　of　fresh　mortar　with　PCEs　were　systematically　investigated.　The　adsorption　behaviors　of　PCEs　on　different　solid　particles　were　measured　to　explain　the　compatibility　problems　between　PCE　and　raw　materials　of　concrete.　The　results　showed　that,　both　the　content　and　type　of　clay　had　a　significant　impact　on　the　fluidity　of　mortar　with　PCE.　Bentonite　had　a　stronger　influence　than　kaolin　on　the　fluidity　of　mortar.　The　adsorption　test　results　showed　that　the　adsorption　amount　of　kaolin　was　10　times,　but　bentonite　was　50　times　of　that　of　cement.　The　stone　powders　in　aggregate　exhibited　equivalent　adsorption　on　PCE.　Fly　ash　and　mineral　powder　can　increase　the　fluidity　of　fresh　mortar　as　well　as　improve　the　workability　of　concrete.　A　low　molecular　carboxylic　acid　polymer　was　synthesized　and　then　incorporated　with　PCE,　and　accordingly　a　remarkable　improvement　effect　was　achieved.