This　paper　presents　a　testing　method　that　offers　an　environment　to　evaluate　the　modal　vibratory　characteristics　of　structural　components　in　building　structures　using　ambient　vibration　responses,　named　substructure　resonance　vibration　testing.　In　the　proposed　test　configuration,　a　specimen　of　structural　components　is　installed　to　a　resonance　frame　that　supports　large　fictitious　mass　and　the　resonance　frequency　of　the　entire　system　is　set　as　the　natural　frequency　of　a　building　structure.　The　resonance　frame　is　interfaced　with　a　quasi-static　loading　system　and　a　modal　shaker.　The　specimen　is　damaged　quasi-statically　and,　resonance　vibration　tests　are　conducted　with　the　modal　shaker　at　the　presence　of　notable　damage.　The　proposed　method　enables　the　vibratory　evaluation　of　realistic　damage　in　structural　components　without　constructing　a　large　specimen　of　entire　structural　systems.　A　proof-of-concept　test　was　conducted　with　a　quarter-scale　beam-column　connection　of　a　mid-rise　steel　building.　The　changes　in　vibratory　characteristics　were　monitored　using　accelerometers　and　dynamic　strain　sensors.　The　preliminary　test　results　show　the　effectiveness　of　the　proposed　test　method　for　constructing　a　damage　sensitive　feature　of　structural　components.