Spatial　recognition　is　one　of　neural　functions　of　rat＇s　hippocampus.　Head　direction　cells,　grid　cells　and　place　cells　play　a　major　role　in　this　function.　Information　about　direction,　distance,　and　location　is　integrated　in　the　grid　cells.　Place　cells　receive　information　from　grid　cell　firing　and　construct　representation　of　the　spatial　environment　of　the　brain.　This　representation　is　demonstrated　to　the　foundation　of　the　cognitive　map.　Spatial　representations　in　the　hippocampus　emerge　and　develop　as　rat　pups　first　begin　to　explore　their　environment　outside　of　the　nest　and　develop　with　age.　This　paper　reviews　and　discusses　the　basis　of　neural　functions　including　their　biological　properties,　development　process,　modeling　work　and　some　applications　based　on　this　mechanism　in　agents.