In　order　to　better　identify　the　spatial　influence　between　adjacent　parts　of　road　networks,　the　paper　introduces　the　spatial　autocorrelation　theory　in　evaluating　the　operation　performance　of　urban　road　networks.　The　research　proposes　several　spatial　correlation　validation　indicators　to　verify　the　spatial　characteristics　among　the　road　networks.　Based　on　the　analysis　of　spatial　characteristics,　the　relationship　between　operation　performance　and　influencing　factors　under　the　impact　of　spatial　effect　is　examined.　Furthermore,　a　spatial　autocorrelation　based　influence　models　at　three　traffic　flow　levels　is　developed　by　using　the　data　from　a　partial　urban　road　network　in　Beijing.　The　model　analysis　shows　that　the　spatial　autocorrelation　model　is　more　effective　in　analyzing　the　urban　road　network　operation　performance　under　the　influence　of　various　factors.　This　model　will　be　beneficial　in　identifying　traffic　network　problems　and　improving　traffic　operations　of　the　urban　road　network.