The　metamaterial　perfect　absorber　(MPA)　is　a　new　type　of　electromagnetic　wave　absorber　first　proposed　by　Landy.　Compared　with　the　traditional　electromagnetic　wave　absorber,　MPA　has　many　advantages,　including　ultra-high　absorption　efficiency,　ultra-thin,　compact　structure,　easily　tunable　resonances,　etc.　so　it　is　gradually　applied　to　ultra-sensitive　sensing,　imaging,　detection　and　other　fields.　Nowadays,　the　MPA　research　focuses　on　two　areas.　One　area　focuses　on　the　absorption　efficiency　modulation　and　absorption　wavelength　tuning,　and　the　other　area　is　to　broaden　the　absorption　bandwidth　and　achieve　high　absorptions　at　different　optical　frequencies.　Previously,　the　MPA　absorption　efficiency　modulation　or　absorption　wavelength　tuning　was　realized　by　changing　the　device　structure　or　the　surrounding　medium　material.　But　these　methods　can　increase　the　difficulty　in　processing　and　increase　the　device　volume.　In　order　to　achieve　the　control　of　absorption　wavelength　and　absorption　efficiency　without　increasing　the　difficulty　in　processing　or　the　device　volume.　We　propose　to　use　vanadium　dioxide　and　graphene　as　the　materials　of　MPA,　which　has　high　absorption　efficiency　in　the　infrared　band.　It　is　found　that　the　absorption　efficiency　of　MPA　at　9.66　μm　wavelength　can　reach　96%　when　the　temperature　of　vanadium　dioxide　is　5　by　using　finite　difference　time　domain　(FDTD)　method.　However,　when　the　vanadium　dioxide　temperature　rises　to　68　,　the　absorption　efficiency　of　MPA　suddenly　drops　to　2.8%.　The　modulation　depth　of　absorption　efficiency　can　reach　97.08%.　We　propose　that　the　MPA　be　able　to　control　not　only　the　absorption　efficiency,　but　also　the　absorption　wavelength.　By　changing　the　voltage　of　graphene,　the　chemical　potential　Ef　of　graphene　can　be　controlled　and　the　absorption　wavelength　of　MPA　can　be　tuned.　When　Ef　increases　from　0.1　eV　to　3　eV,　the　absorption　wavelength　of　MPA　will　be　blue-shifted　from　9.66　μm　to　6.46　μm.　The　magnetic　field　distribution　of　MPA　at　the　absorption　wavelength　shows　that　the　MPA　has　a　high　absorption　efficiency　because　of　the　Fabry-Pérot　(FP)　cavity　resonance　is　formed　in　MPA.　Therefore,　the　change　of　structure　parameters　of　MPA　will　affect　its　absorption　characteristics.　It　is　found　by　the　FDTD　method　that　the　absorption　wavelength　of　MPA　will　be　redshifted,　when　the　radius,　thickness,　period　and　thickness　of　the　nanocolumn　array　increase.　This　study　can　provide　theoretical　guidance　for　designing　and　preparing　the　controllable　MPA,　which　has　compact　structure　and　low　process　difficulty　merits.　©　2021　Chinese　Physical　Society.