A　resilient　bridge　structure,　which　not　only　ensures　that　the　bridge　can　survive　great　earthquakes　but　also　ensures　that　the　bridge　function　can　be　restored　without　repair　or　with　minimal　repair,　is　one　of　the　focuses　of　research　on　bridge　earthquake　engineering.　The　rocking　structure,　with　its　ability　to　control　damage　and　self-center,　is　an　effective　way　to　achieve　seismic　resilience.　In　this　study,　a　systematic　review　and　summary　of　the　history　and　development　of　rocking　bridge　structures　is　presented.　First,　the　origin　of　the　rocking　structure　and　its　application　in　bridge　engineering　are　introduced.　Then,　research　and　development　of　the　rocking　bridge　structure,　the　method　of　quasi-static　behavior　analysis,　the　dynamic　analytical　model,　and　the　seismic　design　method　are　discussed.　The　literature　review　shows　that　the　optimal　structure　and　seismic　performance　of　rocking　bridges　have　been　experimentally　verified　by　researchers　from　various　countries.　Analytical　theories　and　design　methods　have　been　continuously　supplemented　and　developed.　However,　there　are　still　some　problems　that　need　to　be　solved.　The　development　of　a　rocking　bridge　needs　to　be　oriented　to　the　engineering　needs,　and　aims　to　achieve　a　simple　structure,　reliable　force　transmission　mechanism,　and　better　durability.　In　the　dynamic　analytical　method,　the　existing　model　does　not　consider　the　influence　of　the　neutral　axis　depth,　and　it　is　necessary　to　develop　a　three-dimensional　dynamic　analytical　model　and　a　reliable　coefficient　of　restitution　to　make　the　seismic　response　of　the　rocking　bridge　consistent　with　the　real　situation　under　earthquake　conditions.　Dynamic　analysis　of　the　full　rocking　bridge　system　should　consider　the　constraints　of　boundary　conditions.　In　seismic　design,　there　are　problems　such　as　the　determination　of　performance　indicators,　that　is,　how　to　balance　the　seismic　performance　and　economic　performance　when　determining　the　optimum　performance　of　the　rocking　structure.　©　2021,　Editorial　Department　of　China　Journal　of　Highway　and　Transport.　All　right　reserved.