With　the　technological　advancement,　China＇s　high-speed　rail　(HSR)　has　achieved　a　higher　running　speed　than　ever　before,　which　at　the　same　time　leads　to　the　intensive　competition　between　air　and　high-speed　rail　with　trips　within　500-1000　km,　as　well　as　to　the　significant　changes　of　travelers＇　air-to-HSR　choice.　In　order　to　explore　the　dynamic　adaptation　of　travelers＇　choice　of　high-speed　rail　(HSR)　and　air　in　the　case　of　HSR　speed-up,　a　logit　dynamics　model　of　travelers＇　choice　based　on　evolutionary　game　was　constructed　to　describe　the　evolution　of　travelers＇　choice.　With　HSR-air　travel　time　and　the　ticket　price　of　origin-destination　(OD)　points　of　Beijing-Shanghai　as　the　benchmark,　the　study　set　up　two　scenarios　of　HSR　speed-up　and　compared　and　analyzed　their　payoffs　in　value.　On　the　basis　of　mathematical　simulation,　the　travelers＇　＇air-to-HSR　choice＇and　the　change　of　competition　range　under　the　background　of　HSR　speed-up　were　both　discussed.　The　result　indicated　that　the　HSR　speed-up　would　attract　more　travelers,　and　its　share　rate　would　rise　to　58.31%　and　72.73%,　respectively,　with　HSR　running　speed　increasing　to　400　and　600　km/h;　the　marginal　utility　of　HSR　speed-up　is　more　obvious,　and　in　the　meantime,　the　increase　of　HSR　running　speed　extends　the　intense　HSR-air　competition　range　to　longer-distance　travels.　In　the　case　of　HSR　speed-up,　travelers＇　choice　changes　as　well.　The　HSR　operators　themselves　should　formulate　reasonable　ticket　prices　and　improve　their　management.　At　the　same　time,　the　air　operators　should　adjust　their　operation　plan　in　time.　©　2021　Zhenhua　Mou　et　al.