Given　the　environmental　impacts　of　co-pollutant　emissions　such　as　PM2.5,　SO2,　and　NOx,　carbon　emissions　trading　between　corporations　implemented　to　fulfill　the　global　goal　of　mitigating　climate　change　may　improve　or　worsen　local　air　quality　and　public　health.　It　is　therefore　necessary　to　measure　the　environmental　and　health　impacts　between　different　regions　involved　in　emissions　trading　scheme　(ETS).　This　study　proposed　a　unifying　framework　that　incorporated　a　number　of　models　and　databases　to　explore　the　spatial　changes　in　CO2　emissions　due　to　ETS　in　Hubei,　one　of　China＇s　ETS　pilots,　simulate　the　distribution　of　atmospheric　co-pollutants　on　a　3　km　x　3　km　resolution,　and　compare　the　cause-specific　mortality　attributable　to　co-pollutants　varying　in　time　and　cross　regions　between　with　and　without　the　ETS.　The　simulation　shows　that　in　general　the　ETS　improved　air　quality　in　large　parts　of　Hubei,　as　indicated　by　the　notable　decline　in　both　PM2.5　concentrations　and　the　proportion　of　heavily　polluted　areas　throughout　Hubei.　However,　an　increase　in　PM2.5　concentrations　after　the　implementation　of　ETS　was　observed　in　some　areas　of　major　cities,　such　as　Wuhan,　Xiaogan,　Ezhou,　Huangshi　and　Yichang,　resulting　in　negative　impacts　on　human　health　locally.　The　findings　could　assist　policymakers　in　better　understanding　the　complex　impacts　of　ETS　on　environmental　and　human　health,　therefore　serving　as　a　useful　reference　for　interregional　efforts　to　speed　up　the　development　of　China＇s　ETS.　(C)　2020　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.