In　this　study,　the　life　cycle　assessment　method　was　used　to　evaluate　energy　and　material　consumption　and　pollutant　emission　based　on　the　2013　ledger　data　of　a　coal　chemistry　factory　in　western　China　and　the　subprocesses　used　include　coal　gasification,　conversion,　purification,　Fischer-Tropsch　synthesis　and　liquid　hydrocarbons　separation.　This　method　provides　a　comprehensive　understanding　of　the　potential　environmental　burden　of　coal-to-liquid　(CTL)　production　and　can　be　used　to　identify　areas　with　significant　potential　for　improving　energy　efficiency　and　reducing　pollutant　emissions.　The　results　indicate　that　the　main　source　of　pollution　in　the　CTL　program　is　CTL　processing　step.　Large　amounts　of　water　are　consumed　in　the　coal　mining　and　CTL　processing.　The　total　amount　of　gaseous　pollutants　discharged　to　produce　one　ton　of　liquid　hydrocarbon　is　25.629　t,　and　99.5%　of　this　total　consists　of　greenhouse　gases.　Over　the　entire　life　cycle　of　one　ton　of　this　liquid　hydrocarbon,　31.955　tons　of　greenhouse　gases　(calculated　as　CO2)　are　emitted,　and　the　weighted　impact　potential　value　is　3.149/PET2010.　A　series　of　relevant　and　consistent　emission　standards,　laws　and　policies　must　be　issued　for　the　reasonable　and　orderly　growth　of　the　coal　chemical　industry.