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Author:

Khan, Aamir Ali (Khan, Aamir Ali.) | Liu, Xinhui (Liu, Xinhui.) | Yan, Xinlong (Yan, Xinlong.) (Scholars:阎新龙) | Tahir, Muhammad (Tahir, Muhammad.) | Ali, Sakhawat (Ali, Sakhawat.) | Huang, Hua (Huang, Hua.)

Indexed by:

Scopus SCIE PubMed

Abstract:

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is assumed to be an intimidating and deadly malignancy due to being the leading cause of cancer-led mortality, predominantly affecting males of older age. The overall (5 years) survival rate of PC is less than 9% and is anticipated to be aggravated in the future due to the lack of molecular acquaintance and diagnostic tools for its early detection. Multiple factors are involved in the course of PC development, including genetics, cigarette smoking, alcohol, family history, and aberrant epigenetic signatures of the epigenome. In this review, we will mainly focus on the genetic mutations and epigenetic signature of PC. Multiple tumor suppressor and oncogene mutations are involved in PC initiation, including K-RAS, p53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4. The mutational frequency of these genes ranges from 50 to 98% in PC. The nature of mutation diagnosis is mostly homozygous deletion, point mutation, and aberrant methylation. In addition to genetic modification, epigenetic alterations particularly aberrant hypermethylation and hypomethylation also predispose patients to PC. Hypermethylation is mostly involved in the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes and leads to PC, while multiple genes also represent a hypomethylation status in PC. Several renewable drugs and detection tools have been developed to cope with this aggressive malady, but all are futile, and surgical resection remains the only choice for prolonged survival if diagnosed before metastasis. However, the available therapeutic development is insufficient to cure PC. Therefore, novel approaches are a prerequisite to elucidating the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying PC progression for healthier lifelong survival.

Keyword:

Aberrant hypermethylation Aberrant epigenetic signature CDKN2A p53 KRAS Pancreatic cancer SMAD4

Author Community:

  • [ 1 ] [Khan, Aamir Ali]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 2 ] [Liu, Xinhui]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 3 ] [Yan, Xinlong]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 4 ] [Tahir, Muhammad]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 5 ] [Huang, Hua]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China
  • [ 6 ] [Ali, Sakhawat]Beijing Inst Technol, Coll Life Sci, 5 South Zhongguancun St, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China

Reprint Author's Address:

  • 阎新龙

    [Yan, Xinlong]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China;;[Huang, Hua]Beijing Univ Technol, Coll Life Sci & Bioengn, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Beijing 100124, Peoples R China

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Source :

CANCER AND METASTASIS REVIEWS

ISSN: 0167-7659

Year: 2021

Issue: 1

Volume: 40

Page: 245-272

9 . 2 0 0

JCR@2022

ESI Discipline: CLINICAL MEDICINE;

ESI HC Threshold:75

JCR Journal Grade:1

Cited Count:

WoS CC Cited Count: 35

SCOPUS Cited Count: 46

ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All

WanFang Cited Count:

Chinese Cited Count:

30 Days PV: 0

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