Early　childhood　development　(ECD)　has　become　an　issue　of　great　concern　in　academics.　This　study　evaluated　the　effects　of　a　foundation-supported　intervention　called　the　One　Village　One　Preschool　(OVOP)　project,　which　provided　access　to　early　childhood　education　(ECE)　to　disadvantaged　and　minority　children　in　rural　areas　in　central　and　western　China.　This　study　aimed　to　examine　the　variance　in　ECD　between　OVOP　preschools　and　county　level　preschools.　Hierarchical　linear　modeling　involving　540　rural　children　aged　4　to　7　years　was　employed　to　explore　the　effects　of　early　learning　environment　in　predicting　ECD.　We　found　that　the　implementation　of　the　OVOP　project　had　benefited　the　children　by　enhancing　their　ECD.　This　paper　discusses　the　policy　implications　of　the　study　to　promote　the　equality　of　ECE　in　rural　China.