This　study　analyzed　the　uncertainties　in　the　Chinese　anthropogenic　volatile　organic　compound　(VOC)　emission　inventory.　The　uncertainty　evaluation　system　for　input　information　including　activity　data　and　emission　factors　was　established　to　provide　the　probability　density　function　of　each　input　datum.　Monte　Carlo　method　was　applied　to　propagate　the　uncertainties　of　emissions＇　input　data　and　calculate　the　probability　density　function　of　total　VOC　emissions.　The　results　indicated　that　the　Chinese　national　anthropogenic　VOC　emissions　in　year　2005　had　a　log-normal　distribution,　with　a　relative　standard　deviation　of　52%,　and　with　95%　confidence　interval　of　[-　51%,　+　133%].　However,　if　the　traditional　method　for　error　analysis　was　used　based　on　the　same　input　information,　the　uncertainty　of　the　2005　VOC　emission　inventory　calculated　was　40%　lower　than　the　former　results.　In　addition,　sensitivity　analysis　was　conducted　to　identify　the　20　most　sensitive　inputs　influencing　the　uncertainty　of　emissions,　which　will　be　helpful　to　improve　the　accuracy　of　VOC　emission　inventory　in　the　future.