In　the　traditional　analysis　of　structural　seismic　vulnerability,　the　structural　seismic　response　index　does　not　adequately　represent　the　damage　characteristics,　so　that　it　cannot　provide　an　accurate　initial　damage　index　for　the　evaluation　of　structural　post-earthquake　resilience.　In　view　of　the　above　problem　and　the　demand　for　assessment　of　structural　seismic　resilience,　a　damage　index　based　on　elasto-plastic　energy　dissipation　difference　is　proposed　for　assessment　of　structural　seismic　vulnerability.　A　method　of　calculating　the　damage　index　under　specified　ground　motion　intensity　and　exceedance　probability　is　established.　By　making　use　of　the　characteristic　of　describing　the　dynamic　evolution　process　of　system　damage　and　recovery,　the　performance　level　recovery　function　model　of　single　building　structure　and　regional　building　group　based　on　SIR　model　is　proposed,　and　the　calculation　method　of　structural　resilience　ability　is　also　suggested,　so　that　the　whole　process　of　＇direct　damage-indirect　damage-recovery＇　for　building　structure　group　under　seismic　excitation　can　be　represented.　Vulnerability　analysis　and　post-earthquake　resilience　evaluation　are　performed　for　the　single　structure　and　regional　structure.　The　results　show　that　the　damage　index　based　on　elasto-plastic　energy　dissipation　difference　has　the　advantages　of　accuracy,　stability　and　clarity,　and　hence　it　is　superior　to　the　traditional　indices　in　discreteness　and　correlation.　SIR　resilience　evaluation　model　is　more　accurate　and　efficient,　and　is　suitable　to　be　extended　to　regional　building　groups,　and　hence,　it　is　a　useful　supplement　to　the　existing　framework　of　regional　resilience　evaluation.　©　2020,　Editorial　Office　of　China　Civil　Engineering　Journal.　All　right　reserved.