Due　to　severe　resource　and　environmental　constraints,　agricultural　green　development　is　a　vital　step　for　the　low-carbon　development　of　China.　How　to　achieve　the　goal　of　a　win-win　scenario　that　simultaneously　improves　agricultural　green　total　factor　productivity　(GTFP)　and　farmers＇　agricultural　income　was　the　main　focus　of　this　study.　Based　on　the　panel　dataset　for　31　provinces　in　China　from　2000　to　2018,　this　study　calculated　the　agricultural　GTFP　using　the　global　Malmquist-Luenberger　(GML)　index　to　measure　the　green　development　of　agriculture.　Furthermore,　this　study　investigated　the　relationship　between　the　agricultural　GTFP　and　agricultural　income　in　an　environmental　Kuznets　curve　(EKC)　framework,　together　with　the　key　factors　affecting　agricultural　GTFP.　The　main　results　show　that,　first,　driven　by　technical　progress,　the　agricultural　GTFP　gradually　increased　across　the　country,　while　there　existed　a　certain　degree　of　heterogeneity　in　the　growth　of　different　regions.　Second,　the　relationships　between　the　agricultural　GTFP　and　agricultural　income　exhibited　a　significant　U-shape　for　the　whole　country　and　the　four　regions,　indicating　that　a　win-win　scenario　can　be　achieved　between　green　development　and　income　level.　Third,　industrialization　and　urbanization　negatively　affected　agricultural　GTFP,　capital　deepening　played　a　positive　role,　and　due　to　the　mediated　effect　of　capital　deepening,　the　outflow　of　the　agricultural　labor　force　did　not　cause　substantial　harm　to　agricultural　GTFP.　The　findings　of　our　study　provide　useful　policy　implications　for　the　promotion　and　development　of　agriculture　in　China.