A　new　analytical　method　for　the　modeling　of　the　thermal　contact　resistance　of　ball　screws　considering　the　load　distribution　of　balls　is　proposed　in　this　research.　The　load　on　balls　is　analyzed　by　the　force　analysis　of　ball　screws,　and　then,　the　thermal　contact　resistance　is　obtained　by　the　minimum　excess　principle　and　Majumdar-Bhushan　(MB)　fractal　theory.　The　proposed　method　is　validated　by　experimental　results.　The　comparison　with　experimental　and　former　results　indicates　that　it　is　an　effective　method　to　evaluate　the　thermal　contact　resistance　of　ball　screws.　On　that　basis,　effects　of　axial　load,　axial　pretension,　and　geometry　error　of　balls　are　discussed.　It　is　concluded　that　the　thermal　contact　resistance　of　ball　screws　increases　along　with　axial　load　increase.　The　load　on　balls　all　decreases　with　axial　pretension　increase,　and　the　thermal　contact　resistance　of　ball　screws　decreases　with　the　axial　pretension　increase　as　well.　When　the　axial　load　is　applied　on　the　nut　in　an　axial-pretension　ball　screw,　the　load　distribution　in　Nut　A　or　B　becomes　less　homogenized　when　the　nut　moves　from　nut　position　parameter　xi　=　0　to　1.　When　the　nut　moves　to　xi　=　0.25,　the　thermal　contact　resistance　will　reach　a　minimum　value,　and　it　gets　a　maximum　value　at　the　nut　position　xi　=　1.　The　interval　range　of　load　and　thermal　contact　resistance　are　obtained　via　uncertain　analysis.　It　is　concluded　that　the　geometry　error　has　much　greater　effects　on　the　balls　far　away　from　the　spacer.