Graphene　oxide　(GO)-modified　magnesium　phosphate　cement　(MPC)　is　used　as　an　adhesive　to　bond　carbon　fiber-reinforced　polymer　(CFRP)　composites　in　the　formation　of　MPC-CFRP　strengthening　materials.　The　performance　of　GO-modified　MPC　paste　and　the　mechanical　performance　of　MPC-CFRP-strengthened　concrete　prisms　are　investigated　in　this　paper.　Workability　and　mechanical　properties　of　MPC　with　different　dosages　of　GO　(0.035　wt%　and　0.07　wt%　by　MgO)　are　tested.　The　results　indicate　that　GO　has　negative　effects　on　the　fluidity　and　setting　time　of　MPC.　Mechanical　properties　of　MPC　are　improved　by　a　proper　addition　of　GO.　Compared　with　unstrengthened　prisms,　bearing　capacity　and　stiffness　of　strengthened　concrete　prisms　increase　with　the　layers　of　MPC-CFRP:　maximum　bearing　capacity　increased　by　372.08%,　and　stiffness　increased　by　130.15%,　respectively.　MPC　with　the　optimal　mechanical　properties　(MPC-GO1)　is　used　as　the　adhesive　to　bond　CFRP,　which　forms　a　new　type　of　strengthening　composite　and　greatly　improves　the　bearing　capacity　and　ductility　of　plain　concrete　prisms.