Surface-enhanced　fluorescence　detection　has　large　potential　for　detecting　many　chemical　and　biological　trace　analytes.　This　paper　presents　a　novel　method　for　preparing　silver　nanomaterials　in　microfluidic　chip　channels　for　the　surface-enhanced　fluorescence　detection　of　fluorescent　dye　(SYBR　Green　I)　molecules.　Microfluidic　chip　channels　were　fabricated　by　a　248-nm　excimer　laser.　Silver　nanoparticles　(Ag-NPs)　were　prepared　inside　the　microfluidic　chip　channels　by　directly　heating　the　silver　precursor　solution.　The　influence　of　different　temperatures　on　the　sizes　of　the　silver　nanoparticles　was　studied.　Then,　the　surface-enhanced　fluorescence　technology　based　on　the　microfluidic　system　was　used　to　detect　the　fluorescent　dye　molecules.　As　a　result,　the　fluorescence　signal　of　the　fluorescent　dye　molecules　was　significantly　enhanced　by　the　silver　nanoparticles.　In　addition,　the　effect　of　particle　size　on　the　fluorescence　signal　was　studied.　This　simple　and　fast　method　is　suitable　for　a　fluorescent　PCR　(polymerase　chain　reaction)　system　and　has　good　application　prospects　for　detecting　harmful　microorganisms　in　a　spacecraft.